编程基础（三十一）：C++set_c++set contains-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_50997138/article/details/116880699

本文探讨了C++中的set数据结构，包括如何创建set、插入元素、检查size以及查找元素的方法。特别是`find`函数，它用于搜索等价元素并返回迭代器，若未找到则返回end。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

创建set

// constructing sets
#include <iostream>
#include <set>

bool fncomp (int lhs, int rhs) {return lhs<rhs;}

struct classcomp {
  bool operator() (const int& lhs, const int& rhs) const
  {return lhs<rhs;}
};

int main ()
{
  std::set<int> first;                           // empty set of ints

  int myints[]= {10,20,30,40,50};
  std::set<int> second (myints,myints+5);        // range

  std::set<int> third (second);                  // a copy of second

  std::set<int> fourth (second.begin(), second.end());  // iterator ctor.

  std::set<int,classcomp> fifth;                 // class as Compare

  bool(*fn_pt)(int,int) = fncomp;
  std::set<int,bool(*)(int,int)> sixth (fn_pt);  // function pointer as Compare

  return 0;
}

insert

// set::insert (C++98)
#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main ()
{
  std::set<int> myset;
  std::set<int>::iterator it;
  std::pair<std::set<int>::iterator,bool> ret;

  // set some initial values:
  for (int i=1; i<=5; ++i) myset.insert(i*10);    // set: 10 20 30 40 50

  ret = myset.insert(20);               // no new element inserted

  if (ret.second==false) it=ret.first;  // "it" now points to element 20

  myset.insert (it,25);                 // max efficiency inserting
  myset.insert (it,24);                 // max efficiency inserting
  myset.insert (it,26);                 // no max efficiency inserting

  int myints[]= {5,10,15};              // 10 already in set, not inserted
  myset.insert (myints,myints+3);

  std::cout << "myset contains:";
  for (it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
    std::cout << ' ' << *it;
  std::cout << '\n';

  return 0;
}

myset contains: 5 10 15 20 24 25 26 30 40 50

size

// set::size
#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main ()
{
  std::set<int> myints;
  std::cout << "0. size: " << myints.size() << '\n';

  for (int i=0; i<10; ++i) myints.insert(i);
  std::cout << "1. size: " << myints.size() << '\n';

  myints.insert (100);
  std::cout << "2. size: " << myints.size() << '\n';

  myints.erase(5);
  std::cout << "3. size: " << myints.size() << '\n';

  return 0;
}

0. size: 0
1. size: 10
2. size: 11
3. size: 10

find

iterator find (const value_type& val) const;
Get iterator to element
Searches the container for an element equivalent to val and returns an iterator to it if found, otherwise it returns an iterator to set::end.

Two elements of a set are considered equivalent if the container’s comparison object returns false reflexively (i.e., no matter the order in which the elements are passed as arguments).

// set::find
#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main ()
{
  std::set<int> myset;
  std::set<int>::iterator it;

  // set some initial values:
  for (int i=1; i<=5; i++) myset.insert(i*10);    // set: 10 20 30 40 50

  it=myset.find(20);
  myset.erase (it);
  myset.erase (myset.find(40));

  std::cout << "myset contains:";
  for (it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
    std::cout << ' ' << *it;
  std::cout << '\n';

  return 0;
}

myset contains: 10 30 50