MySQL的关键字是指在SQL语句中具有特殊含义的词汇,它们用于定义SQL语句的结构和功能。以下是一些常见的MySQL关键字:
-
SELECT
:用于从数据库中选择数据. -
FROM
:用于指定选择数据的表. -
WHERE
:用于数据记录的条件过滤. -
INSERT INTO
:用于向表中插入新的数据行. -
UPDATE
:用于更新表中的数据. -
DELETE
:用于删除表中的数据行. -
CREATE
:用于创建数据库、表、索引等. -
DROP
:用于删除数据库、表、索引等. -
ALTER
:用于修改数据库对象的结构. -
JOIN
:用于连接多个表以获取数据. -
GROUP BY
:用于对结果集进行分组. -
ORDER BY
:用于对结果集进行排序. -
LIMIT
:用于限制结果集的大小. -
UNION
:用于合并多个查询结果. -
HAVING
:用于对分组后的结果进行条件过滤. -
AS
:用于给表或列指定别名. -
DISTINCT
:用于返回唯一不同的值. -
BETWEEN
:用于在某个范围内进行过滤. -
LIKE
:用于基于模式匹配进行过滤. -
IN
:用于检查某个值是否在指定的列表中. -
IS NULL
:用于检查某个值是否为NULL. -
PRIMARY KEY
:用于定义表的主键. -
FOREIGN KEY
:用于定义表的外键. -
INDEX
:用于创建索引以提高查询性能. -
UNIQUE
:用于确保列中的值是唯一的. -
NOT NULL
:用于确保列中的值不为空. -
AUTO_INCREMENT
:用于自动增加列的值. -
DEFAULT
:用于为列指定默认值. -
VALUES
:用于在INSERT语句中指定要插入的值. -
SET
:用于在UPDATE语句中指定要更新的列和值. -
TRUNCATE
:用于快速删除表中的所有数据. -
RENAME
:用于重命名数据库对象. -
GRANT
:用于授予用户权限. -
REVOKE
:用于撤销用户权限. -
EXPLAIN
:用于获取查询的执行计划信息. -
SHOW
:用于显示数据库、表、索引等的信息. -
DESCRIBE
:用于显示表的结构信息.
MySQL的保留关键字是那些在SQL语句中具有特定含义的关键字,不能用作标识符(如表名、列名等),除非使用反引号(`)进行转义。以下是MySQL中所有的保留关键字列表(以MySQL 8.0为例):
-
ACCESSIBLE
-
ADD
-
ALL
-
ALTER
-
ANALYZE
-
AND
-
AS
-
ASC
-
ASENSITIVE
-
BEFORE
-
BETWEEN
-
BIGINT
-
BINARY
-
BLOB
-
BOTH
-
BY
-
CALL
-
CASCADE
-
CASE
-
CHANGE
-
CHAR
-
CHARACTER
-
CHECK
-
COLLATE
-
COLUMN
-
CONDITION
-
CONSTRAINT
-
CONTINUE
-
CONVERT
-
CREATE
-
CROSS
-
CURRENT_DATE
-
CURRENT_TIME
-
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
-
CURRENT_USER
-
CURSOR
-
DATABASE
-
DATABASES
-
DAY_HOUR
-
DAY_MICROSECOND
-
DAY_MINUTE
-
DAY_SECOND
-
DEC
-
DECIMAL
-
DECLARE
-
DEFAULT
-
DELAYED
-
DELETE
-
DESC
-
DESCRIBE
-
DETERMINISTIC
-
DISTINCT
-
DISTINCTROW
-
DIV
-
DOUBLE
-
DROP
-
DUAL
-
EACH
-
ELSE
-
ELSEIF
-
ENCLOSED
-
ESCAPED
-
EXISTS
-
EXIT
-
EXPLAIN
-
FALSE
-
FETCH
-
FLOAT
-
FLOAT4
-
FLOAT8
-
FOR
-
FORCE
-
FOREIGN
-
FROM
-
FULL
-
FUNCTION
-
GENERAL
-
GET
-
GRANT
-
GROUP
-
GROUP_REPLICATE
-
HAVING
-
HIGH_PRIORITY
-
HOUR_MICROSECOND
-
HOUR_MINUTE
-
HOUR_SECOND
-
IF
-
IGNORE
-
IN
-
INDEX
-
INFILE
-
INNER
-
INOUT
-
INSENSITIVE
-
INSERT
-
INT
-
INT1
-
INT2
-
INT3
-
INT4
-
INT8
-
INTEGER
-
INTERVAL
-
INTO
-
IO_AFTER_GTIDS
-
IO_BEFORE_GTIDS
-
IS
-
ITERATE
-
JOIN
-
KEY
-
KEYS
-
KILL
-
LANGUAGE
-
LEADING
-
LEAVE
-
LEFT
-
LIKE
-
LIMIT
-
LINEAR
-
LINES
-
LOAD
-
LOCALTIME
-
LOCALTIMESTAMP
-
LOCK
-
LONG
-
LONGBLOB
-
LONGTEXT
-
LOOP
-
LOW_PRIORITY
-
MASTER_BIND
-
MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT
-
MATCH
-
MAXVALUE
-
MEDIUMBLOB
-
MEDIUMINT
-
MEDIUMTEXT
-
MIDDLEINT
-
MINUTE_MICROSECOND
-
MINUTE_SECOND
-
MOD
-
MODIFIES
-
NATURAL
-
NOT
-
NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG
-
NULL
-
NUMERIC
-
ON
-
OPTIMIZE
-
OPTIMIZER_COSTS
-
OPTION
-
OPTIONALLY
-
OR
-
ORDER
-
OUT
-
OUTER
-
OUTFILE
-
OVER
-
PARTITION
-
PERCENT
-
PRECISION
-
PRIMARY
-
PROCEDURE
-
PURGE
-
RANGE
-
READ
-
READS
-
READ_WRITE
-
REAL
-
REFERENCES
-
REGEXP
-
RELEASE
-
RENAME
-
REPEAT
-
REPLACE
-
REQUIRE
-
RESIGNAL
-
RESTRICT
-
RETURN
-
REVOKE
-
RIGHT
-
RLIKE
-
SCHEMA
-
SCHEMAS
-
SECOND_MICROSECOND
-
SELECT
-
SENSITIVE
-
SEPARATOR
-
SET
-
SHOW
-
SIGNAL
-
SMALLINT
-
SPATIAL
-
SPECIFIC
-
SQL
-
SQLEXCEPTION
-
SQLSTATE
-
SQLWARNING
-
SQL_BIG_RESULT
-
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS
-
SQL_SMALL_RESULT
-
SSL
-
STARTING
-
STORED
-
STRAIGHT_JOIN
-
SYSTEM
-
TABLE
-
TERMINATED
-
THEN
-
TINYBLOB
-
TINYINT
-
TINYTEXT
-
TO
-
TRAILING
-
TRIGGER
-
TRUE
-
UNDO
-
UNION
-
UNIQUE
-
UNLOCK
-
UNSIGNED
-
UPDATE
-
USAGE
-
USE
-
USING
-
UTC_DATE
-
UTC_TIME
-
UTC_TIMESTAMP
-
VALIDATE
-
VALUES
-
VARBINARY
-
VARCHAR
-
VARCHARACTER
-
VARYING
-
VIRTUAL
-
WHEN
-
WHERE
-
WHILE
-
WITH
-
WRITE
-
XOR
-
YEAR_MONTH
-
ZEROFILL