rpm和yum,类似,dnf(centos7版本没有)
rpm 命令(低级)yum(高级)
可以安装/卸载
查询(重点)
基本语法:
几种模式
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rpm -q查询
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rpm -i 安装
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rpm -e卸载
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rpm-u升级
#下载 [root@server ~ 11:32:33]# yum install vsftpd --downloadonly #ls发现不在当前目录下 [root@server ~ 13:41:35]# ls [root@server ~ 13:41:36]# find / -name vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64.rpm /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64.rpm #复制当前目录.下 [root@server ~ 13:41:55]# cp /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64.rpm .
# 查询系统中安装了哪些软件包 [root@client ~ 11:24:31]# rpm -qa libqmi-utils-1.18.0-2.el7.x86_64 libmpcdec-1.2.6-12.el7.x86_64 gtkmm30-3.22.2-1.el7.x86_64 nss-sysinit-3.67.0-4.el7_9.x86_64 google-crosextra-caladea-fonts-1.002-0.4.201302 ...... # 查询系统中某个软件包是否安装 [root@client ~ 14:05:02]# rpm -q httpd httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 [root@client ~ 14:05:05]# rpm -q coreutils coreutils-8.22-24.el7_9.2.x86_64 #例如未安装软件包 httpd显示 [root@centos7 ~]# rpm -q kernel kernel-3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64 # 查询系统中某个已安装的软件包元数据信息,-i是详细信息 [root@client ~ 14:05:26]# rpm -q coreutils -i Name : coreutils Version : 8.22 Release : 24.el7_9.2 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: 2025年07月18日 星期五 10时29分16秒 Group : System Environment/Base Size : 14594210 License : GPLv3+ Signature : RSA/SHA256, 2020年11月18日 星期三 22时16分51秒, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5 Source RPM : coreutils-8.22-24.el7_9.2.src.rpm Build Date : 2020年11月17日 星期二 06时24分59秒 Build Host : x86-01.bsys.centos.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> Vendor : CentOS URL : http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ Summary : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts Description : These are the GNU core utilities. This package is the combination of the old GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages. # 查询系统中某个已安装的软件包包涵哪些文件 [root@client ~ 14:05:51]# rpm -q openssh-server -l /etc/pam.d/sshd /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/sysconfig/sshd /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd-keygen.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service ...... # 查询系统中某个已安装的软件包包涵哪些配置文件 [root@client ~ 14:06:21]# rpm -q openssh-server -c /etc/pam.d/sshd /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/sysconfig/sshd # 查询系统中某个已安装的软件包包涵哪些文档文件 [root@client ~ 14:06:42]# rpm -q openssh-server -d /usr/share/man/man5/moduli.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/sshd_config.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sftp-server.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sshd.8.gz # 查询系统中某个某个文件属于哪个已安装的软件包 [root@client ~ 14:06:59]# rpm -q -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config openssh-server-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64 # 查询系统中某个已安装的软件包包涵的脚本 [root@client ~ 14:07:09]# rpm -q openssh-server --scripts preinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh): getent group sshd >/dev/null || groupadd -g 74 -r sshd || : getent passwd sshd >/dev/null || \ useradd -c "Privilege-separated SSH" -u 74 -g sshd \ -s /sbin/nologin -r -d /var/empty/sshd sshd 2> /dev/null || : postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh): if [ $1 -eq 1 ] ; then # Initial installation systemctl preset sshd.service sshd.socket >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ...... # 查询系统中某个已安装的软件包变更日志 [root@centos7 ~]# rpm -q openssh-server --changelog * 二 2月 06 2024 Dmitry Belyavskiy <dbelyavs@redhat.com> - 8.0p1-24 - Providing a kill switch for scp to deal with CVE-2020-15778 Resolves: RHEL-22870 ...... # 下载 httpd 软件包,以及依赖的其他软件包 [root@client ~ 14:09:18]# mkdir rpms [root@client ~ 14:13:51]# yum install httpd --downloadonly --downloaddir=rpms 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 软件包 httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本 无须任何处理 # 选项是数字1,展示下载,因为前面下过了依赖存在,五个包就下了一个 [root@client ~ 14:18:35]# ls -1 rpms httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm # 查询系统中某个软件包文件包涵哪些配置文件 [root@client ~ 14:18:39]# rpm -q -p rpms/httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm -c /etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-dav.conf ...... # 查询系统中某个软件包组中包涵哪些软件包 [root@client ~ 14:19:30]# rpm -qg 'System Environment/Base' grub2-common-2.02-0.87.0.1.el7.centos.9.noarch centos-release-7-9.2009.1.el7.centos.x86_64 setup-2.8.71-11.el7.noarch filesystem-3.2-25.el7.x86_64 telepathy-filesystem-0.0.2-6.el7.noarch ......
示例
# 查看openssh-server软件安装是否有问题 [root@client ~ 14:26:41]# rpm -V openssh-server S.5....T. c /etc/ssh/sshd_config # 修改(change) [root@client ~ 14:29:16]# sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config [root@client ~ 14:31:36]# rpm -V openssh-server S.5....T. c /etc/ssh/sshd_config #移走 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件,再次查看 [root@client ~ 14:31:55]# mv /etc/ssh/sshd_config . [root@client ~ 14:32:29]# rpm -V openssh-server 遗漏 c /etc/ssh/sshd_config # 恢复该文件到原来位置 [root@client ~ 14:32:35]# mv sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config
安装/卸载
提取 RPM 包中文件
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Linux 提取
#提取rpm中文件,删除现有配置文件(可能已损坏) [root@client ~ 14:35:16]# rm -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config # 查询openssh-server包的下载URL [root@client ~ 14:49:37]# repoquery --location openssh-server http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/Packages/openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.rpm # 下载RPM包 [root@client ~ 14:51:43]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/Packages/openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.rpm # 确认文件类型(RPM包) [root@client ~ 14:52:20]# file openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.rpm openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.rpm: RPM v3.0 bin i386/x86_64 openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9 # 将RPM转换为CPIO归档 [root@client ~ 14:52:55]# rpm2cpio openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.rpm > openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.cpio # 确认转换后的文件类型(CPIO归档) [root@client ~ 14:54:48]# file openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.cpio openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.cpio: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC) # 列出CPIO归档中的所有文件 [root@client ~ 14:55:39]# cpio -t < openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.cpio ./etc/pam.d/sshd ./etc/ssh/sshd_config ./etc/sysconfig/sshd ./usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd-keygen.service ./usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service ./usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.socket ...... # 筛选出路径包含"etc"的文件 [root@client ~ 14:55:53]# cpio -t < openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.cpio | grep etc 1946 块 ./etc/pam.d/sshd ./etc/ssh/sshd_config ./etc/sysconfig/sshd # 提取sshd_config文件到当前目录,-d保存到当前目录结构,cpio要自己d建目录分层,tar自动创建分层 [root@client ~ 14:56:57]# cpio -id ./etc/ssh/sshd_config < openssh-server-7.4p1-23.el7_9.x86_64.cpio 1946 块 [root@client ~ 14:57:46]# tree etc etc └── ssh └── sshd_config 1 directory, 1 file # 将提取的配置文件移动到系统目录 [root@client ~ 14:57:55]# mv etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/ # 重启SSH服务使新配置生效 [root@client ~ 15:02:43]# systemctl restart sshd
yum管理软件包
[root@client ~ 15:02:46]# yum help [root@client ~ 15:38:19]# yum info httpd 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 可安装的软件包 名称 :httpd 架构 :x86_64 版本 :2.4.6 发布 :99.el7.centos.1 大小 :2.7 M 源 :updates/7/x86_64 简介 : Apache HTTP Server 网址 :http://httpd.apache.org/ 协议 : ASL 2.0 描述 : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible : web server. # 查看仓库中http开头的包有哪些 [root@client ~ 15:38:21]# yum list 'http*' 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 已安装的软件包 httpd-tools.x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 @updates 可安装的软件包 http-parser.i686 2.7.1-9.el7 base http-parser.x86_64 2.7.1-9.el7 base # 查看仓库中httpd包有哪些版本 [root@client ~ 15:39:28]# yum list httpd --showduplicates 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 可安装的软件包 httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos base httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos.1 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos.2 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos.4 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos.5 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-98.el7.centos.7 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates # 查看简介包含关键字的软件包 [root@client ~ 15:40:21]# yum search 'web server' 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com ...... # 查看描述和简介包含关键字的软件包 [root@client ~ 15:41:33]# yum search all 'web server' 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com ...... # 查看仓库中哪个包可以提供文件sar程序 [root@client ~ 15:42:05]# yum provides sar 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:01 epel/x86_64/filelists_db | 15 MB 00:02 extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 305 kB 00:00 sysstat-10.1.5-19.el7.x86_64 : Collection of performance monitoring tools for : Linux 源 :base 匹配来源: 文件名 :/usr/bin/sar sysstat-10.1.5-20.el7_9.x86_64 : Collection of performance monitoring tools for : Linux 源 :updates 匹配来源: 文件名 :/usr/bin/sar sysstat-10.1.5-19.el7.x86_64 : Collection of performance monitoring tools for : Linux 源 :@anaconda 匹配来源: 文件名 :/usr/bin/sar # 安装sar工具对应的软件包 [root@client ~ 15:42:17]# yum install -y sysstat # 只下载不安装 [root@client ~ 15:43:31]# yum install vsftpd --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/ [root@client ~ 15:44:04]# ls vsftpd-* vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64.rpm # 安装本地文件系统中vsftpd包 [root@client ~ 15:44:11]# yum localinstall ./vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64.rpm # 降级vsftpd版本为3.0.2-28.el7 [root@client ~ 15:45:12]# yum downgrade -y vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7 # 降级vsftpd版本为3.0.2-29.el7_9 [root@client ~ 15:45:14]# yum update vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9 # 升级系统中所有软件为最新版本 [root@client ~ 15:48:24]# yum update # 卸载软件包 [root@client ~ 15:49:17]# yum remove httpd
依赖降级示例
# 环境准备:安装最新版httpd [root@server ~ 16:35:55]# yum install -y httpd # 降级到特定版本:降级失败,因为已安装的 httpd-tools 无法满足当前httpd版本 [root@server ~ 16:37:31]# yum downgrade -y httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos # 解决方法:httpd-tools与httpd一起降级到相同版本 [root@server ~ 16:37:52]# yum downgrade -y httpd-tools-2.4.6-97.el7.centos httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos
软件包组管理
# 查看仓库中软件包组清单 [root@centos7 ~]# yum grouplist ...... 可用的环境分组: 最小安装 基础设施服务器 ...... 带 GUI 的服务器 GNOME 桌面 KDE Plasma Workspaces 开发及生成工作站 可用组: Cinnamon Fedora Packager Haskell ...... 通用桌面 完成 [root@centos7 ~]# yum grouplist -v ...... 可用的环境分组: 最小安装 (minimal) 基础设施服务器 (infrastructure-server-environment) ...... 带 GUI 的服务器 (graphical-server-environment) GNOME 桌面 (gnome-desktop-environment) KDE Plasma Workspaces (kde-desktop-environment) 开发及生成工作站 (developer-workstation-environment) 可用组: Cinnamon (cinnamon-desktop) Fedora Packager (fedora-packager) Haskell (haskell) ...... 通用桌面 (general-desktop) 完成 [root@centos7 ~]# unset LANG [root@centos7 ~]# yum group list -v ...... Available Environment Groups: Minimal Install (minimal) Compute Node (compute-node-environment) ...... Server with GUI (graphical-server-environment) GNOME Desktop (gnome-desktop-environment) KDE Plasma Workspaces (kde-desktop-environment) Development and Creative Workstation (developer-workstation-environment) Available Groups: Cinnamon (cinnamon-desktop) Compatibility Libraries (compat-libraries) Console Internet Tools (console-internet) ...... Xfce (xfce-desktop) Done # 查看仓库中软件包组信息 [root@centos7 ~]# yum groupinfo <tab><tab> [root@centos7 ~]# yum groupinfo 'Server with GUI' # 安装仓库中软件包组 [root@centos7 ~]# yum groupinstall 'Server with GUI' # 卸载仓库中软件包组 [root@centos7 ~]# yum groupremove 'Server with GUI'
配置 yum 仓库
yum 仓库配置
yum 工具的配置文件是 /etc/yum/yum.conf,该文件包括两部分:
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main,yum全局配置,提供每个仓库部分参数默认值。
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每个仓库的独立配置。
[root@server ~ 16:41:37]# cat /etc/yum.conf [main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release ......
使用如下命令查看完整的配置内容:
[root@server ~ 16:42:28]# yum install -y yum-utils [root@server ~ 16:42:33]# yum-config-manager =================================== main ===================================== [main] ...... cachedir = /var/cache/yum ...... config_file_path = /etc/yum/yum.conf ...... enabled = 1 ...... gpgcheck = 1 ...... keepcache = 0 localpkg_gpgcheck = 0 log_compress = 0 log_rotate = 4 log_size = 1048576 logdir = /var/log logfilelevel = 9 max_parallel_downloads = 3 metadata_expire = 172800 metadata_timer_sync = 10800 ...... protected_packages = yum, setup, yum, systemd, systemd-udev, yum, sudo, setup, yum, systemd, systemd-udev, yum, sudo ...... repo_gpgcheck = 0 reposdir = /etc/yum.repos.d, /etc/yum/repos.d, /etc/distro.repos.d ......
main 部分需要关注的参数:
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enabled = 1,仓库默认启用。
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gpgcheck = 1,仓库默认启用gpg校验。
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keepcache = 0,不保存缓存。
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cachedir = /var/cache/yum,缓存文件保存的位置。
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reposdir = /etc/yum.repos.d, /etc/yum/repos.d, /etc/distro.repos.d,yum仓库配置文件。
yum管理的软件包存放在yum仓库,yum仓库配置文件存放在/etc/yum.repos.d目录。
[root@server ~ 16:43:08]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel.repo [root@server ~ 16:44:43]# ls /etc/yum/repos.d /etc/distro.repos.d ls: 无法访问/etc/yum/repos.d: 没有那个文件或目录 ls: 无法访问/etc/distro.repos.d: 没有那个文件或目录
yum 仓库管理
查看 yum 仓库
# 查看yum仓库,默认不包括未启用的仓库 [root@server ~ 16:44:47]# yum repolist # 查看yum所有仓库,包括未启用的仓库 [root@server ~ 16:45:18]# yum repolist all
启用和禁用仓库
[root@server ~ 16:46:08]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo [epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 [epel-debuginfo] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch/debug failovermethod=priority # 将enabled设置为1,设置为0禁用 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 gpgcheck=0 [epel-source] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/SRPMS failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 gpgcheck=0
仓库缓存管理
-
更新缓存后,
yum install
命令可补全软件包名称。
# 清理缓存数据 [root@server ~ 16:46:32]# yum clean all dbcache headers packages cache expire-cache metadata # 清理所有缓存数据 [root@server ~ 16:48:11]# yum clean all 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks 正在清理软件源: base epel epel-debuginfo extras updates Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors # 创建缓存数据 [root@server ~ 16:48:17]# yum makecache 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Determining fastest mirrors .......
添加 kubernetes 仓库
[root@server ~ 16:50:56]# yum-config-manager --add-repo=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ [root@server ~ 16:50:56]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors.aliyun.com_kubernetes_yum_repos_kubernetes-el7-x86_64_.repo # 安装 kubectl 包 [root@server ~ 16:51:37]# yum install kubectl --nogpgcheck
添加 docker-ce 仓库
[root@server ~ 16:54:09]# cat << 'EOF' > /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo > [docker-ce-stable] > name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch > baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable > enabled=1 > gpgcheck=0 > EOF # 查看docker版本 [root@server ~ 16:54:24]# yum list docker-ce 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00 (1/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 55 B 00:00 (2/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db | 152 kB 00:01 可安装的软件包 docker-ce.x86_64 3:26.1.4-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
epel 仓库
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EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux),是由Fedora Special Interest Group维护的Enterprise Linux(RHEL、CentOS)中经常用到的包。
# 直接使用aliyun的源 [root@server ~ 16:54:41]# curl -s -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
源码安装软件
源码安装 nginx
介绍
Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理web服务器。
官方地址:https://nginx.org
#将nginx-1.28.0.tar.gz拖入安装 #查看 [root@server ~ 17:11:12]# ls etc.tar.bz2 nginx-1.28.0.tar.gz ...... #解压 [root@server ~ 17:11:15]# tar -xf nginx-1.28.0.tar.gz etc.tar.bz2 nginx-1.28.0 etc.tar.gz nginx-1.28.0.tar.gz ....... [root@server ~ 17:11:48]# cd nginx-1.28.0 [root@server nginx-1.28.0 17:12:09]# ls auto CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md contrib LICENSE SECURITY.md CHANGES conf CONTRIBUTING.md man src CHANGES.ru configure html README.md #安装gcc [root@server 17:14:52]# yum install -y gcc # 安装依赖 [root@centos7 ~]# yum install gcc make pcre-devel zlib-devel # 编译安装 [root@server 17:24:32]# make && make install [root@server ~ 17:26:46]# ls /usr/local/nginx/ conf html logs sbin # 配置环境变量 [root@server ~ 17:26:50]# cd nginx-1.28.0 [root@server nginx-1.28.0 17:27:34]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/ [root@server nginx-1.28.0 17:27:38]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/' >> ~/.bashrc #使用 #启动服务 [root@server ~ 17:28:18]# nginx # 验证 [root@server ~ 17:40:48]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@server ~ 17:40:48]# systemctl start nginx [root@server ~ 17:40:48]# systemctl status nginx.service