openharmony之一多开发：产品形态配置讲解

OpenHarmony 的“一多开发”指的是 一次开发，多端部署（简称“一多”），即使用 一套代码工程，一次开发上架，按需部署到不同终端设备上

🎯 核心概念速览

产品形态定义

写在前面：

1.不同的形态其实本质差异体现在子系统和部件的差异，openharmony操作系统底层其实屏蔽了不同内核之间的差异，使其2in1（2in1和PC其实是相同的，只是换了称呼）设备类型也可以在TV上运行，在phone/default类型设备也可以运行。
2.vendor目录下的产品形态配置文件（比如vendor\hihope\dayu210\config.json）会根据相同合并、差异覆盖的方式更新productdefine\common\inherit\phone.json。
3.ArkTs即应用层主要体现在： “deviceTypes”: [
“phone”,
“tablet”
]
4.需要注意是的部分设备形态在低版本的API上是不支持的，其底层通过SysCap能力集合来区分不同的设备差异，当然也可以通过配置使其都支持。
5.不同设备类型通过bundleManager(BMS)安装子系统来进行校验，即HAP所设置的deviceTypes与实际设备类型不符合，是无法安装的。

不同形态编译命令：
方式一：
./build.sh -product-name 2in1_core_system -ccache --device-type=2in1
./build.sh -product-name dayu210 -ccache --device-type=2in1 
仅作参考，实际并不希望随意更改设备类型。(不符合设计规范)
方式二:
hb命令在配置好自己的产品后，执行hb set命令会显示你的定制产品
.hb build -ccache --device-type=2in1

OpenHarmony采用分层解耦的产品定义架构，将产品配置分为三个层次：

系统类型对比表

📁 源码目录架构

目录结构

productdefine/common/                 [源码根目录]
├── base/                             # 系统类型基础配置
│   ├── mini_system.json             # 轻量系统最小集 [128KB+]
│   ├── small_system.json            # 小型系统最小集 [1MB+]
│   └── standard_system.json         # 标准系统最小集 [128MB+]
├── inherit/                          # 设备形态模板库
│   ├── chipset_common.json          # 芯片通用模板
│   ├── headless.json                # 无头系统模板
│   ├── ipcamera.json                # IPCamera模板
│   ├── phone.json                   # 手机模板 [通话+数据]
│   ├── tablet.json                  # 平板模板 [大屏+触控]
│   ├── wearable.json                # 穿戴设备模板 [低功耗]
│   ├── tv.json                      # 电视模板 [多媒体]
│   ├── 2in1.json                    # 二合一设备模板
│   └── rich.json                    # 全功能模板
└── products/                         # 具体产品配置
    ├── ohos-sdk.json                # SDK产品配置
    ├── system_arm_default.json      # 32位ARM配置
    └── system_arm64_default.json    # 64位ARM配置

🔍 产品形态本质区别分析

1. 系统架构差异

🏗️ 内核架构对比

🎯 系统能力矩阵

2. 设备形态特性对比

📱 手机形态 (phone.json)

核心特征:

• 通话能力：完整电话协议栈
• 移动网络：2G/3G/4G/5G/5G-A/6G支持
• 位置服务：GPS/北斗/基站定位
• 传感器：加速度计、陀螺仪、磁力计
• 相机：前后置摄像头支持
• 电池管理：精确电量管理

配置片段:

{
  "component": "telephony",
  "features": [
  ]
}

📱 平板形态 (tablet.json)

核心特征:

• 大屏适配：10-13英寸屏幕优化
• 触控优化：多点触控、手势识别
• 分屏多任务：多窗口并行运行
• 无通话模块：相比手机裁剪电话功能
• 增强图形：更高分辨率支持

差异化配置:

{
  "inherit": ["productdefine/common/inherit/rich.json"],
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "telephony",// 移除电话功能
      "components": []  
    }
  ]
}

⌚ 穿戴形态 (wearable.json)

核心特征:

• 超低功耗：深度睡眠模式
• 健康监测：心率、血氧、步数
• 小屏适配：1-2英寸圆形/方形屏幕
• 蓝牙连接：BLE低功耗通信
• 简化UI：极简交互界面

功耗优化配置:

{
  "component": "power_manager",
  "features": 
  ]
}

📺 电视形态 (tv.json)

核心特征:

• 大屏显示：55-85英寸4K/8K支持
• 遥控器：红外/蓝牙遥控
• 媒体播放：4K视频解码、HDR支持
• 网络连接：WiFi 6、有线以太网
• 无触控：纯遥控器操作

媒体能力配置:

{
  "component": "multimedia",
  "features": [
  ]
}

🔧 产品配置详解

配置继承机制

🧬 三层继承架构

⚙️ 配置优先级规则

1. 高优先级: 产品实例配置
2. 中优先级: 设备形态模板
3. 低优先级: 系统类型基础

关键配置字段解析

📋 产品配置文件结构

{
  "version": "3.0",                    // 配置格式版本
  "product_name": "system-arm64-default",  // 产品唯一标识
  "device_company": "ohos",            // 厂商标识
  "target_cpu": "arm64",               // 目标CPU架构 [arm/arm64/x86/riscv]
  "board": "arm64",                    // 开发板型号
  "type": "standard",                  // 系统类型 [mini/small/standard]
  "enable_ramdisk": true,              // 是否启用ramdisk
  "build_selinux": true,               // 是否启用SELinux
  "inherit": ["rich.json"],            // 继承的模板列表
  "subsystems": [...]                 // 子系统配置
}

🎯 CPU架构支持矩阵

📊 系统能力对比分析

子系统能力矩阵

内存占用对比

🛠️ 实战配置指南

创建新产品形态

步骤1: 选择基础系统类型

# 根据硬件资源选择
- 128KB-512KB内存 → mini_system.json
- 1MB-16MB内存 → small_system.json  
- 128MB+内存 → standard_system.json

步骤2: 选择设备形态模板

# 根据产品类型选择
- 手机 → phone.json
- 平板 → tablet.json
- 手表 → wearable.json
- 电视 → tv.json
- 通用设备 → rich.json

步骤3: 创建产品配置文件

// products/my_product.json
{
  "version": "3.0",
  "product_name": "my-custom-device",
  "device_company": "mycompany",
  "target_cpu": "arm64",
  "board": "myboard",
  "type": "standard",
  "inherit": [
    "productdefine/common/inherit/rich.json",
    "productdefine/common/inherit/phone.json"
  ],
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "custom",
      "components": [
        {
          "component": "my_custom_feature",
          "features": ["custom_feature_enable=true"]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

配置验证流程

✅ 验证步骤

1. 语法检查: JSON格式验证
2. 依赖检查: 子系统依赖关系
3. 内存估算: 内存占用计算
4. 功能测试: 核心功能验证

🔍 验证工具

# 使用build.sh验证
./build.sh --product-name my_product --check-only

# 查看最终部件列表
cat out/preloader/my_product/parts.json

🔍 配置分析

系统类型详细配置对比

以下是三种系统类型的详细组件对比：

📊 轻量系统 (mini_system.json)

{
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "hiviewdfx",
      "components": [
        "hilog_lite",
        "hievent_lite",
        "hidumper_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "startup",
      "components": [
        "bootstrap_lite",
        "appspawn_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "communication",
      "components": [
        "dsoftbus",
        "ipc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "security",
      "components": [
        "device_auth",
        "huks_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "commonlibrary",
      "components": [
        "utils_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "updater",
      "components": [
        "sys_installer_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "thirdparty",
      "components": [
        "libcoap",
        "lwip",
        "mbedtls",
        "cJSON",
        "zlib",
        "libboundscheck",
        "cmsis",
        "nvram"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

📊 小型系统 (small_system.json)

{
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "hdf",
      "components": [
        "hdf_core",
        "hdf_driver_framework",
        "hdf_device_desc",
        "hdf_config_manager",
        "hdf_platform"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "kernel",
      "components": [
        "liteos_a"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "hiviewdfx",
      "components": [
        "hilog_lite",
        "hievent_lite",
        "hidumper_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "startup",
      "components": [
        "bootstrap_lite",
        "appspawn_lite",
        "init_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "communication",
      "components": [
        "dsoftbus",
        "ipc",
        "samgr_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "security",
      "components": [
        "device_auth",
        "huks_lite",
        "access_token_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "commonlibrary",
      "components": [
        "c_utils",
        "utils_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "updater",
      "components": [
        "sys_installer_lite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "thirdparty",
      "components": [
        "libcoap",
        "lwip",
        "mbedtls",
        "cJSON",
        "zlib",
        "libboundscheck",
        "cmsis",
        "nvram",
        "musl",
        "libffi"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

📊 标准系统 (standard_system.json)

{
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "hdf",
      "components": [
        "hdf_core",
        "hdf_driver_framework",
        "hdf_device_desc",
        "hdf_config_manager",
        "hdf_platform",
        "hdf_usb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "communication",
      "components": [
        "ipc",
        "dsoftbus",
        "net_manager"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "systemabilitymgr",
      "components": [
        "samgr",
        "safwk"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "hiviewdfx",
      "components": [
        "hilog",
        "hitrace",
        "hidumper",
        "hievent",
        "hisysevent",
        "hiview",
        "faultloggerd"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "security",
      "components": [
        "access_token",
        "huks",
        "deviceauth",
        "selinux_adapter",
        "dataclassification",
        "iam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "commonlibrary",
      "components": [
        "c_utils",
        "memory_utils"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "updater",
      "components": [
        "update_service",
        "update_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "developtools",
      "components": [
        "hdc",
        "hidumper",
        "hitrace"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "thirdparty",
      "components": [
        "mbedtls",
        "openssl",
        "zlib",
        "jsoncpp",
        "libxml2",
        "libcurl",
        "cares",
        "nghttp2",
        "libffi",
        "libunwind",
        "libcxx",
        "libcxxabi",
        "compiler_rt",
        "libc",
        "musl",
        "e2fsprogs",
        "f2fs-tools",
        "exfatprogs",
        "dosfstools"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

设备形态配置详解

🖥️ 无头系统 (headless.json)

专为无显示界面的设备设计，如服务器、网关：

{
  "version": "3.0",
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "build",
      "components": [
        "build_framework"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "startup",
      "components": [
        "startup_l2",
        "init",
        "appspawn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "hiviewdfx",
      "components": [
        "hilog",
        "hitrace",
        "hidumper",
        "hievent",
        "hisysevent",
        "hiview",
        "faultloggerd"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "distributedhardware",
      "components": [
        "device_manager"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "security",
      "components": [
        "device_auth",
        "huks",
        "access_token",
        "selinux_adapter",
        "dataclassification",
        "iam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "account",
      "components": [
        "os_account"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "communication",
      "components": [
        "ipc",
        "dsoftbus",
        "net_manager",
        "bluetooth"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "ability",
      "components": [
        "ability_runtime",
        "ability_base",
        "abilityms",
        "ability_manager",
        "abilityms_client"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "arkui",
      "components": [
        "napi"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

📹 IPCamera (ipcamera.json)

专为网络摄像头设计，集成多媒体能力：

{
  "version": "3.0",
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "arkui",
      "components": [
        "ace_engine",
        "napi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "account",
      "components": [
        "os_account"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "distributeddatamgr",
      "components": [
        "preferences",
        "kv_store",
        "relational_store",
        "data_storage",
        "distributeddata"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "filemanagement",
      "components": [
        "user_file_service",
        "file_api",
        "storage_manager",
        "filemanagement_libn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "security",
      "components": [
        "appverify",
        "deviceauth",
        "huks",
        "access_token",
        "selinux_adapter",
        "dataclassification"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "hdf",
      "components": [
        "hdf_core",
        "hdf_driver_framework",
        "hdf_device_desc",
        "hdf_config_manager",
        "hdf_platform",
        "hdf_usb",
        "hdf_input",
        "hdf_display",
        "hdf_sensor",
        "hdf_audio",
        "hdf_camera"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "multimedia",
      "components": [
        "camera_framework",
        "camera_standard",
        "media_standard",
        "audio_standard",
        "image_standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "thirdparty",
      "components": [
        "curl",
        "mbedtls",
        "openssl",
        "zlib",
        "jsoncpp",
        "libxml2",
        "libyuv",
        "libjpeg_turbo",
        "libpng",
        "libwebp",
        "ffmpeg",
        "alsa_lib"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

配置字段深度解析

🔧 关键配置字段说明

🎯 子系统配置结构

{
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "arkui",           // 子系统名称
      "components": [                  // 组件列表
        {
          "component": "ace_engine",   // 组件名称
          "features": [                // 特性配置 (可选)
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

高级配置技巧

🔄 动态配置继承

{
  "inherit": [
    "productdefine/common/base/standard_system.json",
    "productdefine/common/inherit/rich.json",
    "productdefine/common/inherit/phone.json"
  ],
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "telephony",
      "components": [
        {
          "component": "cellular_call",
          "features": [
            "5g_support=true",
            "volte_enable=true"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

⚙️ 条件编译配置

{
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "graphic",
      "components": [
        {
          "component": "graphic_2d",
          "features": [
            "gpu_acceleration=false",
            "gpu_acceleration=true",
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

最佳实践案例

📱 创建自定义手机产品

场景: 基于标准系统创建一款中低端4G手机

1. 基础配置 (products/my_phone.json):

{
  "version": "3.0",
  "product_name": "my-4g-phone",
  "device_company": "mycorp",
  "target_cpu": "arm",
  "board": "mt6765",
  "type": "standard",
  "enable_ramdisk": true,
  "build_selinux": true,
  "inherit": [
    "productdefine/common/base/standard_system.json",
    "productdefine/common/inherit/phone.json"
  ],
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "telephony",
      "components": [
        {
          "component": "cellular_call",
          "features": [
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "multimedia",
      "components": [
        {
          "component": "camera_standard",
          "features": [
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

2. 内存优化配置:

{
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "graphic",
      "components": [
        {
          "component": "graphic_2d",
          "features": [
            "gpu_acceleration=true",
            "memory_optimization=aggressive"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

⌚ 创建智能手表产品

场景: 基于小型系统创建低功耗智能手表

{
  "version": "3.0",
  "product_name": "my-smartwatch",
  "device_company": "mycorp",
  "target_cpu": "arm",
  "board": "nrf52840",
  "type": "small",
  "enable_ramdisk": false,
  "build_selinux": false,
  "inherit": [
    "productdefine/common/base/small_system.json",
    "productdefine/common/inherit/wearable.json"
  ],
  "subsystems": [
    {
      "subsystem": "sensors",
      "components": [
        "accelerometer",
        "gyroscope",
        "heart_rate_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "subsystem": "powermgr",
      "components": [
        {
          "component": "power_manager",
          "features": [
            "low_power_mode=extreme",
            "always_on_display=true"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

🚨 常见错误及解决方案

配置模板速查表

📋 快速配置模板

📚 附录：源码文件清单

📁 基础系统类型文件

productdefine/common/base/
├── mini_system.json        # 轻量系统 - 128KB内存
├── small_system.json       # 小型系统 - 1MB内存  
└── standard_system.json    # 标准系统 - 128MB内存

📁 设备形态模板文件

productdefine/common/inherit/
├── rich.json              # 全功能模板
├── phone.json             # 手机专用模板
├── tablet.json            # 平板专用模板
├── wearable.json          # 穿戴设备模板
├── tv.json                # 智能电视模板
├── 2in1.json              # 二合一设备模板
├── headless.json          # 无头系统模板
├── ipcamera.json          # 网络摄像头模板
└── chipset_common.json    # 芯片通用模板

📁 产品配置示例

productdefine/common/products/
├── ohos-sdk.json              # SDK产品配置
├── system_arm_default.json    # 32位ARM系统
├── system_arm64_default.json  # 64位ARM系统
├── system_riscv32.json        # 32位RISC-V系统
└── system_riscv64.json        # 64位RISC-V系统

📊 组件统计对比表

🎯 实际应用建议

选择系统类型的决策树

硬件资源评估:
├── 内存 < 1MB → mini_system.json
├── 内存 1-128MB → small_system.json
└── 内存 >= 128MB → standard_system.json

功能需求评估:
├── 需要完整UI → standard + rich.json
├── 需要通话功能 → standard + phone.json
├── 需要穿戴功能 → small + wearable.json
└── 需要摄像头 → standard + ipcamera.json

内存优化检查清单

• 移除不必要的子系统
• 禁用GPU加速 (gpu_acceleration=false)
• 减少第三方库依赖
• 使用轻量级组件 (xxx_lite)
• 启用内存压缩 (memory_compression=true)
• 调整缓存大小 (cache_size=small)

编译验证流程

# 完整编译
./build.sh --product-name my_product --ccahe