【Python】 numpy.expand_dims的用法

博客主要介绍了np.expand_dims函数，该函数可在指定轴上添加数据。通过对一维和二维数据的测试，展示了不同axis值下数据shape的变化，如一维数据axis=0和axis=1时shape的不同变化，还给出了具体代码示例及运行结果。

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1 查看help
其实感觉expand_dims(a, axis)就是在axis的那一个轴上把数据加上去，这个数据在axis这个轴的0位置。
例如原本为一维的2个数据，axis=0，则shape变为(1,2),axis=1则shape变为(2,1)
再例如原本为 (2,3),axis=0，则shape变为(1,2,3),axis=1则shape变为(2,1,3)

help(np.expand_dims)

Help on function expand_dims in module numpy:

expand_dims(a, axis)
    Expand the shape of an array.
    
    Insert a new axis that will appear at the `axis` position in the expanded
    array shape.
    
    .. note:: Previous to NumPy 1.13.0, neither ``axis < -a.ndim - 1`` nor
       ``axis > a.ndim`` raised errors or put the new axis where documented.
       Those axis values are now deprecated and will raise an AxisError in the
       future.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    a : array_like
        Input array.
    axis : int
        Position in the expanded axes where the new axis is placed.
    
    Returns
    -------
    res : ndarray
        Output array. The number of dimensions is one greater than that of
        the input array.
    
    See Also
    --------
    squeeze : The inverse operation, removing singleton dimensions
    reshape : Insert, remove, and combine dimensions, and resize existing ones
    doc.indexing, atleast_1d, atleast_2d, atleast_3d
    
    Examples
    --------
    >>> x = np.array([1,2])
    >>> x.shape
    (2,)
    
    The following is equivalent to ``x[np.newaxis,:]`` or ``x[np.newaxis]``:
    
    >>> y = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)
    >>> y
    array([[1, 2]])
    >>> y.shape
    (1, 2)
    
    >>> y = np.expand_dims(x, axis=1)  # Equivalent to x[:,np.newaxis]
    >>> y
    array([[1],
           [2]])
    >>> y.shape
    (2, 1)
    
    Note that some examples may use ``None`` instead of ``np.newaxis``.  These
    are the same objects:
    
    >>> np.newaxis is None
    True

2 测试一维的数据

x = np.array([1,2,3])
print x
print x.shape

[1 2 3]
(3,)

y = np.expand_dims(x,axis=0)
print y
print "y.shape: ",y.shape
print "y[0][1]: ",y[0][1]

[[1 2 3]]
y.shape: (1, 3)
y[0][1]: 2

y = np.expand_dims(x,axis=1)
print y
print "y.shape: ",y.shape
print "y[1][0]: ",y[1][0]

[[1]
[2]
[3]]
y.shape: (3, 1)
y[1][0]: 2

y = np.expand_dims(x,axis=3)
print y
print "y.shape: ",y.shape
print "y[2][0]: ",y[2][0]

[[1]
[2]
[3]]
y.shape: (3, 1)
y[2][0]: 3

3 测试二维的数据
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
print x
print x.shape

[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
(2, 3)

y = np.expand_dims(x,axis=0)
print y
print "y.shape: ",y.shape
print "y[0][1]: ",y[0][1]

[[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]]
y.shape: (1, 2, 3)
y[0][1]: [4 5 6]

y = np.expand_dims(x,axis=1)
print y
print "y.shape: ",y.shape
print "y[1][0]: ",y[1][0]

[[[1 2 3]]

[[4 5 6]]]
y.shape: (2, 1, 3)
y[1][0]: [4 5 6]

y = np.expand_dims(x,axis=3)
print y
print "y.shape: ",y.shape
print "y[2][0]: ",y[2][0]

[[[1]
[2]
[3]]

[[4]
[5]
[6]]]
y.shape: (2, 3, 1)
y[2][0]:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-16-392d9cded3f4> in <module>()
2 print y
3 print "y.shape: ",y.shape
----> 4 print "y[2][0]: ",y[2][0]

IndexError: index 2 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 2
---------------------
作者：HxShine
来源：CSDN
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16949707/article/details/53418912
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