String to Double conversion C++ [duplicate]

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-30 17:19:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-10-30 17:19:39 发布

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本文探讨了C++中字符串转换为浮点数时可能遇到的精度损失问题，通过实例展示了使用stod、istringstream及sscanf进行转换的方法，并比较了输出精度的控制方式。

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转换用于计算的时候数据的精度容易出现问题，常见的是转换为double型之后112.0707922变成 112.07079219999999964；

除此之外还有就是输出精度问题，这块其实还不是很明白，我现在的理解是double在程序中的位数是固定的，计算过程中的小数位数是固定的；可控制的是输出的精度，而非参与运算的精度。

void setLongitude(string longitude){
    this->longitude = (double)atof(longitude.c_str());

    cout << "got longitude: " << longitude << endl;
    cout << "setting longitude: " << this->longitude << endl;
}

结果：

got longitude: -122.39381636393
setting longitude: -122.394

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string str = "-122.39381636393";
    std::cout.precision(20);
    cout << "setting longitude: " << stod(str) << endl;
    return 0;
}

cout << "Setting longitude: " << setprecision(15) << this->longitude << endl;

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream> //for istringstream
#include <iomanip> //for setprecision
#include <cstdio> //for sscanf
using namespace std;

int main()
{
cout << "/************string to double************/" << endl;
/************string to double************/
string str = "12.34567890e2";
cout << "string: "<<str << endl;

//using std::stod
double d;
string::size_type size; //13
d = stod(str, &size); //1234.56789
cout << "double value get by stod: " << setprecision(14) << d << ", size:"<<size << endl; //Note: must setprecision to see entire value

//using sstream
istringstream istrStream(str);
istrStream >> d; //1234.56789
cout << "double value get by istringstream:" << setprecision(14) << d << endl;

//using sscanf
int len; //13
sscanf_s(str.c_str(), "%14lf%n", &d, &len); //1234.56789
cout << "double value get by sscanf: " << setprecision(14) << d <<", size:"<<len<< endl;

cout << "\n\n/**************double to string***************/" << endl;
/**************double to string***************/
double d8 = 1.123456789e2;
cout << "double value: " << setprecision(14) << d8 << endl;

string str8 = std::to_string(d8);//112.345679
cout << "string get by std::to_string: " << str8 << endl;

ostringstream ostrStream;
ostrStream << setprecision(10);
ostrStream << d8;
str8 = ostrStream.str();//112.3456789
cout << "string get by ostringstream: "<< str8 << endl;

char ch[64];
sprintf_s(ch, "%g", d8);
str8 = ch;//112.346
cout << "string get by sprintf: " << str8 << endl;

//below code is used to avoid control exit quickly
char c;
cin >> c;

return 0;
}

参考：https://www.v2ex.com/t/375560

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23449986/string-to-double-conversion-c