嵌入式关于字对齐方面的处理及实例

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-23 14:52:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-23 14:52:28 发布

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分类专栏：嵌入式c

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本文详细介绍了在32位系统中，如何处理包含多种数据类型的结构体存储问题，通过使用__packed和#pragmapack指令避免数据对齐带来的空间浪费，特别适用于接收包中数据的解析。

对于32位的系统来说，是以4个字节的方式来进行存储数据，但对于存储的多数据中混有小于4字节的数据来说，则需要特殊处理。若想实现按照实际数据顺序进行存储，处理方法如下：

1.处理定义的单个结构体中混有多种数据类型加“__packed”，例子：

typedef __packed struct
{

uint8 a;

uint8 b[2];

uint16 c;

uint32 d;

}

2.处理定义的多个结构体在需要处理的数据开头和结尾加“#pragma pack(1) ...(内容) #pragma pack()”,例子：

#pragma pack (1)
typedef struct {
   union {
       uint8 byte;
       struct {
           uint8 recuactworksts:2;
           uint8 recufaultlevel:3;
           uint8 recuactivedischgfb:2;
uint8 rsv:1;
       }bits;
   }recuworkinfo1;

uint16 recuactpowerfb;
uint16 recumaxpowerpermit;

   union {
       uint16 word;
       struct {
           uint8 recuoutofflvfb:2;
           uint8 recuselfchkstate:2;
           uint8 rsv:8;
           uint8 recuworkinfoalivecnt:4;
       }bits;
   }recuworkinfo2;

uint8 recuworkinfochecksum;

}RECU_WorkInfo_ST;

typedef struct {
   uint16 gcudclinkvoltage;
   uint16 gcudclinkcurrent;
   uint8 gcuactmotortemp;
   uint8 rcv;
   union {
       uint8 byte;
       struct {
           uint8 gcumotorstsainvalid:1;
           uint8 gcumotorinfoinvalid:1;
           uint8 rcv:6;
       }bits;
   }recugcuinfo1;
   uint8 rcv1;

}RECU_GCUInfo_ST;

#pragma pack ()

注：上面实例中蓝色部分数据是对数据细分到位进行处理

总结及常用的场景：

当接收到的一包数据中有多种类型时，可以先将数据对应的结构体定义好，再将数据复制到定义的结构体中，即将整包全部的数据都解析出来。实例：

uint16 recuactpowerfb;
uint16 recumaxpowerpermit;

uint8 recuworkinfochecksum;

}RECU_WorkInfo_ST;

}RECU_GCUInfo_ST;

typedef struct {
uint8 enginecoolanttemp;

   union {
       uint8 byte;
       struct {
           uint8 oilpressurewarning:1;
           uint8 rcv1:1;
           uint8 enginemiltelltale:2;
           uint8 rcv2:4;
       }bits;
   }recuemsinfo1;

uint16 enginespeedrpm;
uint16 recumaxpowerpermit;

   union {
       uint8 byte;
       struct {
           uint8 engstatusfbinvalid:1;
           uint8 engstatusinfoinvalid:1;
           uint8 rsv:6;
       }bits;
   }recuemsinfo2;

uint8 rcv;

}RECU_EMSInfo_ST;

typedef struct {
   union {
       uint8 byte;
       struct {
           uint8 faultlevel:2;
           uint8 recuworkrequest:2;
           uint8 carconnectstatus:2;
           uint8 rsv:2;
       }bits;
   }cdzfaultlevel;

uint16 powerrequest;
uint8 rsv1[3];

   union {
       uint8 byte;
       struct {
           uint8 rsv:4;
           uint8 recuctrlalivecnt:4;
       }bits;
   }cdzrecuctrl2;

uint8 recuctrlchecksum;

}CDZ_RECUCtrl_ST;

typedef struct {

   uint8 rsv1[2];
   uint16 bmscurrreq;
   uint16 bmsvolreq;
   uint8 rsv2[2];
}CDZ_BMSChgInfo_ST;

typedef struct {

   uint16 bmsbattvol;
   uint16 bmsbattcurr;
   uint8 bmsbattsoc;
   uint8 rsv1[3];
}CDZ_BMSBatInfo_ST;
#pragma pack ()

typedef struct {
   CDZ_RECUCtrl_ST recuctrl;
   CDZ_BMSChgInfo_ST bmschginfo;
   CDZ_BMSBatInfo_ST bmsbatinfo;
}CDZTORECU_ST;

typedef struct {
   RECU_WorkInfo_ST recuctrl;
   RECU_GCUInfo_ST bmschginfo;
   RECU_EMSInfo_ST bmsbatinfo;
}RECUTOCDZ_ST;

typedef struct {
   CDZTORECU_ST cdz;
   RECUTOCDZ_ST recu;
//   ERR_STEP_ST err;
}DEV_RECU_TYPE;

typedef union {
   uint8 data[8];
   CDZ_RECUCtrl_ST Cdz_RecuCtrlData;
   CDZ_BMSChgInfo_ST Cdz_BmsChgInfoData;
   CDZ_BMSBatInfo_ST Cdz_BmsBatInfoData;
   RECU_WorkInfo_ST Recu_WorkInfoData;
   RECU_GCUInfo_ST Recu_GcuInfoData;
   RECU_EMSInfo_ST Recu_EmsInfoData;
}CDZ_RECUData;