PAT甲级 1073 Scientific Notation （20 分）String的使用-CSDN博客

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本文介绍如何将科学计数法表示的实数转换为常规的数字表示形式，包括处理正负指数的情况，保留所有有效数字，适用于处理非常大或非常小的数值。

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1073 Scientific Notation （20 分）

Scientific notation is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers. The notation matches the regular expression [+-][1-9].[0-9]+E[+-][0-9]+ which means that the integer portion has exactly one digit, there is at least one digit in the fractional portion, and the number and its exponent's signs are always provided even when they are positive.

Now given a real number A in scientific notation, you are supposed to print A in the conventional notation while keeping all the significant figures.

Input Specification:

Each input contains one test case. For each case, there is one line containing the real number A in scientific notation. The number is no more than 9999 bytes in length and the exponent's absolute value is no more than 9999.

Output Specification:

For each test case, print in one line the input number A in the conventional notation, with all the significant figures kept, including trailing zeros.

Sample Input 1:

+1.23400E-03

Sample Output 1:

0.00123400

Sample Input 2:

-1.2E+10

Sample Output 2:

-12000000000

Note: String字符串中的 find 、substr 、erase 、insert 、 length 都要很熟练使用

stoi 和 to_string 能让整形与字符串互相转换

1. find (char c, size_t pos = 0) const; //查找对象--字符

结果：找到 -- 返回第一个字符的索引

没找到--返回 string::npos(代表 -1 表示不存在)

2. erase(size_type pos=0, size_type n=npos);

即从给定起始位置`pos`处开始删除, 要删除字符的长度为`n`, 返回值修改后的string对象引用

3.string &insert(int p0, const char *s);——在p0位置插入字符串s

string &insert(int p0, int n, char c);//在p0处插入n个字符c

4. substr(size_type _Off = 0,size_type _Count = npos) const;
功能：从一个字符串复制一个从指定位置开始，并具有指定长度的子字符串。

此函数需要注意一点是函数的第二个参数为字符数目，而不是下标值，亲身体会，在此点花了一点时间才发现，函数理解的不清楚啊，尤其参数一定要记清楚

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string str;
    cin>>str;

    if(str[0]=='-')
        cout<<"-";

    int e = str.find('E');//获取E的下标
    int ep = stoi(str.substr(e+1));//获取指数

    string num = str.substr(1,e-1);//注意:从下标一开始截取,截取长度是e-1！！！
    num = num.erase(1,1);//删除1位置的一个字符

    if(ep < 0){//当指数为负数时
        cout<<"0.";
        for(int i=0;i<abs(ep)-1;i++)
            cout<<0;
        cout<<num;
    }else{
        if(abs(ep) >= num.length() - 1){//此时没有小数点
            cout<<num;
            for(int i=0;i < abs(ep)-num.length()+1;i++)
                cout<<0;
        }else{
            num.insert(abs(ep)+1,".");
            cout<<num;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}