Java 客户端操作 Elasticsearch 的常见 API 用法示例

我们将使用 RestHighLevelClient 来演示如何进行索引创建、文档插入、文档查询和文档删除等操作。

1. 引入依赖
首先，确保你的项目中已经引入了 Elasticsearch 的依赖。如果你使用的是 Maven，可以在 pom.xml 中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
    <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
    <version>7.10.2</version> <!-- 请根据实际情况选择合适的版本 -->
</dependency>

2. 创建 RestHighLevelClient

import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;

public class ElasticsearchClientExample {

    private static final String ES_HOST = "localhost";
    private static final int ES_PORT = 9200;
    private static final String ES_SCHEME = "http";

    public static RestHighLevelClient createClient() {
        return new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(
                        new HttpHost(ES_HOST, ES_PORT, ES_SCHEME)
                )
        );
    }
}

3. 创建索引

import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;

public class IndexOperations {

    public static void createIndex(RestHighLevelClient client, String indexName) throws Exception {
        CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest(indexName);
        request.source("{\n" +
                "  \"settings\": {\n" +
                "    \"number_of_shards\": 1,\n" +
                "    \"number_of_replicas\": 0\n" +
                "  },\n" +
                "  \"mappings\": {\n" +
                "    \"properties\": {\n" +
                "      \"title\": {\n" +
                "        \"type\": \"text\"\n" +
                "      },\n" +
                "      \"content\": {\n" +
                "        \"type\": \"text\"\n" +
                "      }\n" +
                "    }\n" +
                "  }\n" +
                "}", XContentType.JSON);

        CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println("Index created: " + response.isAcknowledged());
    }
}

4. 插入文档

import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;

public class DocumentOperations {

    public static void indexDocument(RestHighLevelClient client, String indexName, String id, String title, String content) throws Exception {
        IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(indexName).id(id)
                .source(XContentType.JSON, "title", title, "content", content);

        IndexResponse response = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println("Document indexed: " + response.getResult());
    }
}

5. 查询文档

import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;

public class SearchOperations {

    public static void searchDocuments(RestHighLevelClient client, String indexName, String query) throws Exception {
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(indexName);
        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("content", query));
        searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

        SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println("Total hits: " + searchResponse.getHits().getTotalHits().value);
        for (SearchHit hit : searchResponse.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
    }
}

6. 删除文档

import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;

public class DeleteOperations {

    public static void deleteDocument(RestHighLevelClient client, String indexName, String id) throws Exception {
        DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest(indexName, id);
        DeleteResponse response = client.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println("Document deleted: " + response.getResult());
    }
}

7. 主方法

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RestHighLevelClient client = ElasticsearchClientExample.createClient();

        try {
            // 创建索引
            IndexOperations.createIndex(client, "my_index");

            // 插入文档
            DocumentOperations.indexDocument(client, "my_index", "1", "First Document", "This is the content of the first document.");
            DocumentOperations.indexDocument(client, "my_index", "2", "Second Document", "This is the content of the second document.");

            // 查询文档
            SearchOperations.searchDocuments(client, "my_index", "first");

            // 删除文档
            DeleteOperations.deleteDocument(client, "my_index", "1");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                client.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

以上代码展示了如何使用 RestHighLevelClient 进行基本的 Elasticsearch 操作，包括创建索引、插入文档、查询文档和删除文档。希望这些示例对你有所帮助！