tomcat双亲委派机制

tomcat双亲委派机制

比如我们新建一个Match类，，没有自定义加载器的情况子下，在执行main方法时，先从应用程序加载器中找，没有的话，去父加载器拓展类加载器中找，拓展类加载器中没找到，这再去引用类加载器中找，引用类加载器中没找到，再返回去拓展类加载器中找，拓展类加载器中没找到，再返回到应用程序类加载器中找，它会自己的类加载路径中找到这个类，然后match类加载进来。
下面是是实现的主要逻辑：
//ClassLoader的loadClass方法，里面实现了双亲委派机制
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) { // 检查当前类加载器是否已经加载了该类 Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
try {
if (parent != null) { //如果当前加载器父加载器不为空则委托父加载器加载该类
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else { //如果当前加载器父加载器为空则委托引导类加载器加载该类
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// from the non-null parent class loader
}

        if (c == null) {
            // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
            // to find the class.
            long t1 = System.nanoTime();
            //都会调用URLClassLoader的findClass方法在加载器的类路径里查找并加载该类
            c = findClass(name);

            // this is the defining class loader; record the stats
            sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
            sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
            sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
        }
    }
    if (resolve) {  //不会执行
        resolveClass(c);
    }
    return c;
}

}

为什么要设计双亲委派机制？
1、沙箱安全机制：自己写的java.lang.String.class类不会被加载，这样便可以防止核心API库被随意篡改
2、避免类的重复加载：当父亲已经加载了该类时，就没有必要子ClassLoader再加载一次，保证被加载类的唯一性

可以自定义一个类加载器
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class MyClassLoaderTest {
static class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader{
private String classPath;

    public MyClassLoader(String classPath) {
        this.classPath = classPath;
    }
    private byte[] loadByte(String name) throws Exception {
        name=name.replaceAll("\\.","/");
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classPath + "/" + name + ".class");
        int len = fis.available();
        byte[] data = new byte[len];
        fis.read(data);
        fis.close();
        return data;
    }
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        try{
            byte[] data = loadByte(name);
            return defineClass(name,data,0,data.length);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new ClassNotFoundException();
        }

    }
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
    MyClassLoader myClassLoader = new MyClassLoader("D:/test");
    Class clazz = myClassLoader.loadClass("com.tuling.User");
    Object obj = clazz.newInstance();
    Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("test", null);
    method.invoke(obj,null);
    System.out.println(clazz.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
}

}
如果class文件下有路劲共和名字一样的com.tuling.User，则读取到的是sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader，若没有则是com.tuling.MyClassLoaderTest$MyClassLoader

若要打破双亲委派机制，要重写loadClass方法
/**
* 重写类加载方法，实现自己的加载逻辑，不委派给双亲加载
* @param name
* @param resolve
* @return
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) { // First, check if the class has already been loaded Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);

            if (c == null) {
                // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
                // to find the class.
                long t1 = System.nanoTime();
                if(!name.startsWith("com.tuling")){
                    c = this.getParent().loadClass(name);
                }else{
                    c = findClass(name);

                }

                // this is the defining class loader; record the stats
                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
            }
            if (resolve) {
                resolveClass(c);
            }
            return c;
        }
    }
    这样了实现了com.tuling.User只会走自己定义的类加载器