单元测试框架——Mockito之stubbing语法

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-01 10:37:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-01 10:37:58 发布

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文章标签：单元测试 Mockito stubbing java

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几种Stubbing的方式

1.基础Stubbing

基础Stubbing主要包括如下几个关键方法：

when()
thenReturn()
thenThrow()
doNothing()
doThrow()
doReturn()

顾名思义其用方法就和名字是一样的

package com.example.demo.stubbing;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class StubbingTest {

    private List<String> list;

    @Before
    public void before(){
        this.list = mock(ArrayList.class);
    }

    @Test
    public void howToUseStubbing(){
        when(list.get(0)).thenReturn("first");
        Assert.assertEquals("first",list.get(0));

        when(list.get(anyInt())).thenThrow(new RuntimeException());
        try {
            list.get(1);
            fail();
        }catch (Exception e){
            assertEquals(e.toString(),new RuntimeException().toString());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void howToStubbingVoidMethod(){
        doNothing().when(list).clear();
        list.clear();
        verify(list,times(1)).clear();
        doThrow(new RuntimeException()).when(list).clear();
        try {
            list.clear();
            fail();
        }catch (Exception e){
            assertEquals(e.toString(),new RuntimeException().toString());
        }
    }
    @After
    public void destroy(){
        reset(this.list);
    }
}

2.迭代Stubbing

迭代的实现方式有两种

第一种就是借助 thenReturn 方法，可以在其中传入多个返回值，也可以多次调用该方法

第二种就是使用 thenAnswer 方法

    //迭代Stubbing
    @Test
    public void iterateStubbing(){
        when(list.size()).thenReturn(1,2,3,4);
       // when(list.size()).thenReturn(1).thenReturn(2).thenReturn(3).thenReturn(4);
        System.out.println(list.size());
        System.out.println(list.size());
        System.out.println(list.size());
        System.out.println(list.size());
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }

    @Test
    public void stubbingWithAnswer(){
        when(list.get(anyInt())).thenAnswer(invocationOnMock ->{
            Integer index = invocationOnMock.getArgumentAt(0,Integer.class);
            return String.valueOf(index*10);
        } );
        Assert.assertEquals("0",list.get(0));
        Assert.assertEquals("110",list.get(11));
    }

3.真实访问Stubbing

一般来说mock出来的对象是代理对象，调用的方法也是代理方法，当我们想要调用真实方法时就可以使用 thenCallRealMethod 方法。

被测试类：

package com.example.demo.service;

public class StubbingService {
    public int getInt(){
        System.out.println("===========getInt===========");
        return 10;
    }
    public String getString(){
        System.out.println("======getString======");
       throw new RuntimeException();
    }
}

测试代码：

    //访问真实方法
    @Test
    public void stubbingWithRealCall(){
        StubbingService stubbingService = mock(StubbingService.class);
        // System.out.println("stubbingService的类型时："+stubbingService.getClass());
        when(stubbingService.getString()).thenReturn("bysen");
        when(stubbingService.getInt()).thenCallRealMethod();
        Assert.assertEquals("bysen",stubbingService.getString());
        Assert.assertEquals(10,stubbingService.getInt());
    }