ubuntu系统python版本引发的血案 2021-12-05_pip3 install attributeerror: module 'collections' -CSDN博客

博主在尝试将Ubuntu 16.04服务器上的Python从3.5升级到3.10的过程中遇到一系列问题，包括pip错误、依赖冲突和模块缺失。在尝试卸载Python3.10并安装3.9时，遇到了pip不可用和typing模块缺失的问题。在修复过程中，错误地执行了`apt-get autoremove`导致更多问题，如apt更新和升级时的依赖错误。最终，通过`dpkg --configure -a`、强制覆盖安装和重置python软链接解决了部分问题，但仍有部分依赖未修复。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

今日闲的蛋疼，想要升级一下ubuntu16.04服务器上的python版本（现在装的是python3.5，但心血来潮想装python3.10体验一下），结果引发了一连串血案。

python3.10的安装：
1. 添加ppa：sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa，执行后回车等一会；
2. sudo apt update
3. sudo apt install python3.10
python3.10的问题及卸载：
1. pip的时候出问题：AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'MutableMapping'，参考了 https://github.com/sabnzbd/sabnzbd/issues/1971 的python3.10 -m pip install babelfish -U，但是pip install就执行不了，所以不行；
2. 尝试删除，千万不要这样做！！！！ 用了 https://blog.csdn.net/p1279030826/article/details/116564195 的sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove python3.10，还确认了。千万不要这样做！！！！。都是因为直接执行apt remove python3.10之后还能用python3.10。（实际上，直接remove python3.10-minimal就能解决这个问题）。关于autoremove的说明在 https://blog.csdn.net/x2222265/article/details/88526690 有；
3. 后来又尝试安装python3.9，但是python3.9的pip仍然不可用。
apt出问题：
1. 继续手欠，尝试了apt的update和upgrade，发现出了一个大问题：依赖出现问题，并且提示让我使用apt -f install命令。但使用该命令后仍然有各种依赖冲突，并且提示：E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.和E: Unable to correct dependencies，就像 https://superuser.com/questions/1386209/how-to-solve-this-dependencies-apt-fix-broken-install 所说；并且自动升级到了python3.6，python3.6中会出现python3 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'typing'问题。
2. 解决方案：
  1. https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42156097/article/details/103805063 给出用aptitude安装，但是并没有aptitude并且安装aptitude的时候仍是报之前的错；
  2. https://askubuntu.com/questions/124845/eerror-pkgproblemresolverresolve-generated-breaks-this-may-be-caused-by-hel 给出用update和upgrade，但是仍没有效果，upgrade的时候报之前的错误；
  3. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30768828/e-error-pkgproblemresolverresolve-generated-breaks-this-may-be-caused-by-he 给出sudo dpkg --configure -a，并且新开一个ssh链接，执行update和upgrade有效。这个过程中仍有一些问题，如下所示：
    1. 问题1：https://askubuntu.com/questions/148383/how-to-resolve-dpkg-error-processing-var-cache-apt-archives-python-apport-2-0 出现类似dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/python-apport_2.0.1-0ubuntu9_all.deb的提示。解决：用sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite <filename>
    2. 问题2：在dpkg执行过程中，要删除一个东西的时候出现python3 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'typing'。问题是在于：这里用到了python，但python用的是后来装的python版本，所以直接重新链接python（将/usr/lib/python3换成python3.5）
      1. 提示全文：
```
   dell@slave1:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree       
   Reading state information... Done
   Correcting dependencies... Done
   The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
     distro-info libllvm4.0 libllvm5.0 libpython3-dev libpython3.5-dev libpython3.9-minimal libqt5x11extras5 python3-distro-info python3-yaml python3.5-dev
     python3.9-minimal qml-module-qtquick-controls qml-module-qtquick-dialogs qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets qtdeclarative5-controls-plugin
     qtdeclarative5-dialogs-plugin
   Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
   The following additional packages will be installed:
     libnettle6 libpython3.6-stdlib
   The following packages will be REMOVED:
     ubuntu-advantage-tools
   The following NEW packages will be installed:
     libnettle6 libpython3.6-stdlib
   0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
   2 not fully installed or removed.
   Need to get 0 B/2,313 kB of archives.
   After this operation, 7,973 kB of additional disk space will be used.
   Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
   (Reading database ... 307863 files and directories currently installed.)
   Removing ubuntu-advantage-tools (27.4.1~16.04.1) ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
     File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/uaclient/apt.py", line 7, in <module>
       from typing import Dict, List, Optional
   ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'typing'
   dpkg: error processing package ubuntu-advantage-tools (--remove):
    subprocess installed pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
   Errors were encountered while processing:
    ubuntu-advantage-tools
   E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
   ```
```
python升级到3.6的后遗症
1. 之前upgrade安装了python3.6，但是pip还是之前的python3.9的pip。所以删掉/usr/local/bin/pip并通过sudo cp /usr/local/bin/pip3.6 /usr/local/bin/pip将pip重新指定定了一次；
2. 用pip的时候出现ImportError: cannot import name 'sysconfig' from 'distutils'，所以用 https://www.codeleading.com/article/11985788299/ 的方法，利用sudo apt-get install python3.6-distutils修复。