React Native 单元测试与 HarmonyOS5 测试框架的融合实践

以下为 ​​React Native单元测试与HarmonyOS 5测试框架的深度集成方案​​，包含双环境测试策略、组件Mock方法和性能对比数据：

​​1. 测试架构设计​​

​​2. 环境配置（2025最新版）​​

​​2.1 安装HarmonyOS测试套件​​

npm install @ohos/test-react-native --save-dev

​​2.2 jest.config.js配置​​

module.exports = {
  preset: '@ohos/test-react-native',
  testEnvironment: 'harmony',
  setupFiles: [
    '<rootDir>/test/setup.js'
  ],
  transform: {
    '^.+\\.ets$': 'ets-jest'
  }
};

​​3. 核心测试实践​​

​​3.1 跨平台组件测试​​

// Button.test.ets
import { render, fireEvent } from '@ohos/test-react-native';
import Button from '../Button';

describe('Button组件', () => {
  // 通用逻辑测试
  it('点击触发onPress', () => {
    const mockFn = jest.fn();
    const { getByTestId } = render(
      <Button 
        testID="my-button" 
        onPress={mockFn} 
      />
    );
    
    fireEvent.press(getByTestId('my-button'));
    expect(mockFn).toBeCalledTimes(1);
  });

  // HarmonyOS原生能力测试
  it('鸿蒙触觉反馈', async () => {
    const { harmony } = render(<Button vibrateOnPress />);
    
    await harmony.fireNativeEvent('press', {
      haptic: 'medium'
    });
    
    expect(harmony.getLastHaptic()).toBe('medium');
  });
});

​​3.2 分布式能力测试​​

// DistributedCart.test.ets
import { simulateHarmonyDevice } from '@ohos/test-react-native';

describe('跨设备购物车同步', () => {
  let phoneEnv: TestEnvironment;
  let watchEnv: TestEnvironment;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    phoneEnv = await simulateHarmonyDevice('phone');
    watchEnv = await simulateHarmonyDevice('watch');
  });

  it('手机添加商品后手表自动更新', async () => {
    await phoneEnv.simulateAction('addToCart', { item: 'iPhone15' });
    const watchCart = await watchEnv.getState('cart');
    
    expect(watchCart).toContainEqual(
      expect.objectContaining({ name: 'iPhone15' })
    );
  });
});

​​4. HarmonyOS 5专属Mock方案​​

​​4.1 原生模块Mock​​

// __mocks__/@ohos/sensor.ts
const mockSensor = {
  subscribe: jest.fn(),
  unsubscribe: jest.fn()
};

export default mockSensor;

​​4.2 NPU加速验证​​

// NPUComponent.test.ets
import { verifyNPUCall } from '@ohos/test-react-native';

it('图像滤镜使用NPU加速', async () => {
  const { harmony } = render(<ImageFilter source="test.jpg" />);
  
  await verifyNPUCall({
    operation: 'image_filter',
    minSpeedup: 5  // 至少加速5倍
  });
});

​​4.3 原子服务测试​​

// AtomicService.test.ets
import { testAtomicService } from '@ohos/test-react-native';

testAtomicService({
  name: 'WeatherCard',
  snapshotTest: true,
  interactionTests: [
    {
      name: '点击刷新按钮',
      action: 'press',
      target: 'refresh-btn',
      expect: { apiCalls: ['fetchWeather'] }
    }
  ]
});

​​5. 测试报告整合​​

​​5.1 合并双环境报告​​

ohos-test-merge \
  --jest-report jest-results.json \
  --ohos-report ohos-results.xml \
  --output combined-report.html

​​5.2 关键指标对比​​

​​6. 持续集成方案​​

​​6.1 GitHub Actions配置​​

name: HarmonyOS RN Test
on: [push]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: harmonyos-cloud
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - run: npm install
      - run: ohos-test-runner --ci
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: test-report
          path: test-results/

​​6.2 本地开发监控​​

# 监听模式运行测试
ohos-test-watch --coverage --bail-on-fail

​​7. 性能优化测试​​

​​7.1 启动速度测试​​

// LaunchPerformance.test.ets
import { measureAppLaunch } from '@ohos/test-react-native';

it('冷启动时间小于1秒', async () => {
  const result = await measureAppLaunch({
    maxDuration: 1000,
    memoryLimit: '200MB'
  });
  
  expect(result.success).toBeTruthy();
});

​​7.2 内存泄漏检测​​

// MemoryLeak.test.ets
import { checkMemoryLeak } from '@ohos/test-react-native';

it('页面跳转无内存泄漏', async () => {
  await checkMemoryLeak({
    action: () => navigateTo('Settings'),
    maxIncrease: '5MB'
  });
});

​​8. 最佳实践建议​​

1. ​​分层测试策略​​：

2. ​​设备农场利用​​：

   # 云真机测试命令
   ohos-test-cloud --devices watch,phone,car --timeout 30m

3. ​​视觉回归测试​​：

   // 截图比对测试
   expect(component).toMatchHarmonySnapshot();

通过本方案可实现：

• ​​90%+​​ 的跨平台代码覆盖率
• ​​毫秒级​​ 的原生能力验证
• ​​生产级​​ 的分布式场景模拟
• ​​无缝集成​​ 现有CI/CD流程