用print学python-列表切片操作，元组定义，遍历

对列表进行切片

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati','ducati','ducati'] 
print(motorcycles[0:3]) #类似range(),0是起始下标，在下标3处停止，则不含下标为3的元素ducati
print(motorcycles[1:4]) #获取下标从1到3的元素。我们把这样获取到的列表的一部分称为切片(slice) 
print(motorcycles[:3]) #起始下标缺省，则默认从下标0开始
print(motorcycles[3:]) #结束下标缺省，默认到列表的最后一个元素(包含最后一个元素)
print(motorcycles[-3:]) #输出列表最后三个元素

#输出
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['ducati', 'ducati', 'ducati'] #注意起始下标对应的元素是包含在内的。
['ducati', 'ducati', 'ducati']

对切片做循环

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati','ducati','ducati'] 
for motorcycle in motorcycles[-3:]: #循环列表的后三个元素
    print(motorcycle.title())

#输出
Ducati
Ducati
Ducati

复制一个列表

用切片结果赋值产生新的列表

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati','ducati','ducati'] 
motorcycles1 = motorcycles[:] #切片忽略起止下标，代表从第一个元素到最后一个元素
print(motorcycles1) #输出结果和motorcycles一样

#说明motorcycles和motorcycles1是两个不同的列表
motorcycles.append("honda")
print(motorcycles)
print(motorcycles1)

#输出
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'ducati']

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'honda']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'ducati']

直接赋值只是给列表取了别名

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati','ducati','ducati'] 
motorcycles1 = motorcycles #直接将列表赋值给一个变量，则是给motorcycles取了别名，都指向同一个列表
print(motorcycles1)

motorcycles.append("honda")
print(motorcycles)
print(motorcycles1) #两个输出结果一样，说明motorcycles和motorcycles1指向同一个列表

#输出
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'ducati']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'honda']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'ducati', 'honda']

元组(Tuple)

元组定义后不可局部改变

motorcycles = ('honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati') #元组是不可变的列表，但定义用的是圆括号
print(type(motorcycles)) #type()换上返回变量的类型
print(motorcycles[0]) #元组也可以像列表一样用下标访问
print(motorcycles[1])

motorcycles[0] = 'yamaha' #尝试改变元组的值会报错。所以对不可变的一列元素放在元组中很合适。

#输出
<class 'tuple'> 
honda
yamaha 

Exception has occurred: TypeError
'tuple' object does not support item assignment

遍历元组

motorcycles = ('honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati')
for motorcycle in motorcycles:
    print(motorcycle) #像遍历列表一样遍历元组
    
#输出
honda
yamaha
suzuki
ducati

至于如何修改元组等其他相关内容，请参考我的主页