>>>input = '自然语言处理很重要, 123abc456'
>>>import re
>>>pattern = re.compile('.')
>>>re.findall(pattern,input)
['自', '然', '语', '言', '处', '理', '很', '重', '要', ',', ' ', '1', '2', '3', 'a', 'b', 'c', '4', '5', '6']
>>>pattern = re.compile(r'[abc]')
>>>re.findall(pattern,input)
['a', 'b', 'c']
>>>pattern = re.compile(r'[a-zA-Z]')
>>>re.findall(pattern,input)
['a', 'b', 'c']
>>>pattern = re.compile(r'[^abc]')
>>>re.findall(pattern