OSPF特殊区域NSSA以及T-NSSA配置详解

该博客详细介绍了OSPF中特殊区域NSSA(Not So Stubby Area)以及Totally NSSA的配置过程和特点。通过实验拓扑,逐步演示了如何在R4上将area 1配置为NSSA区域,以及进一步转化为完全次末节区域(Totally NSSA),以减少路由表大小并保持网络联通性。同时,探讨了LSA类型在不同区域的作用,特别是类型7的LSA。

实验目的: 

1、掌握类型1、2、3、4和5的LSA,及类型7的LSA在完全次末节区域的作用。

2、掌握次未节区域(NSSA)和完全次末节区域(NSSA Totally Stub Area)特点。

3、掌握两种区域配置方法。

4、注意:完全次末节区域(Totally NSSA)为CISCO私有的。

实验拓扑:

步骤1:接口IP配置 

R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown 
R1(config)#interface loopback 0 
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown 
R2(config)#interface f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown


R3(config)#interface f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown 
R3(config)#interface f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown 

R4(config)#interface f0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown   
R4(config)#interface f0/1
R4(config-if)#ip address 45.45.45.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown 
R4(config)#interface loopback 0
R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.0.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#interface loopback 1            
R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.1.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#interface loopback 2            
R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.2.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#interface loopback 3            
R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.3.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#interface loopback 4            
R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.1 255.255.255.0

R5(config)#interface f0/1
R5(config-if)#ip address 45.45.45.5 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no shutdown 
R5(config)#interface f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip address 56.56.56.5 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no shutdown 

R6(config)#interface f0/0
R6(config-if)#ip address 56.56.56.6 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#no shutdown 
R6(config)#interface loopback 0
R6(config-if)#ip address 6.6.0.1 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#interface loopback 1            
R6(config-if)#ip address 6.6.1.1 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#interface loopback 2            
R6(config-if)#ip address 6.6.2.1 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#interface loopback 3            
R6(config-if)#ip address 6.6.3.1 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#interface loopback 4            
R6(config-if)#ip address 6.6.4.1 255.255.255.0

 步骤2:路由协议基础配置

R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary 
R1(config-router)#version 2      
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0
R1(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0

R2(config)#router rip 
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary 
R2(config-router)#version 2
R2(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R4(config)#router  ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R4(config-router)#network 45.45.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.0.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.2.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.3.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#network 45.45.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R5(config)#router rip    
R5(config-router)#no auto-summary 
R5(config-router)#version 2
R5(config-router)#network 56.56.56.0

R6(config)#router rip
R6(config-router)#no auto-summary 
R6(config-router)#version 2
R6(config-router)#network 56.56.56.0
R6(config-router)#network 6.6.0.0
R6(config-router)#network 6.6.1.0 
R6(config-router)#network 6.6.2.0
R6(config-router)#network 6.6.3.0
R6(config-router)#network 6.6.4.0

步骤3:重分发

R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 200 subnets 
R2(config-router)#router rip
R2(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 10

R5(config)#router  ospf 1
R5(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 200 subnets 
R5(config-router)#router rip
R5(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 10

查看R3路由表和链路状态数据库

R3#show ip route 

Gateway of last resort is not set

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       34.34.34.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
//R3路由学习到多个区域和多个非ospf的网络路由
O E2    1.1.1.0 [110/200] via 23.23.23.2, 00:03:06, FastEthernet0/1
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O IA    4.4.1.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:52, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    4.4.0.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:52, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    4.4.3.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:52, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    4.4.2.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:52, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    4.4.4.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:54, FastEthernet0/0
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O E2    6.6.0.0 [110/200] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:07, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    6.6.1.0 [110/200] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:07, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    6.6.2.0 [110/200] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:08, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    6.6.3.0 [110/200] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:08, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    6.6.4.0 [110/200] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:08, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
     56.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    56.56.56.0 [110/200] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:08, FastEthernet0/0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    12.12.12.0 [110/200] via 23.23.23.2, 00:03:08, FastEthernet0/1
     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    45.45.45.0 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:03:55, FastEthernet0/0
R3#show IP ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (34.34.34.3) (Process ID 1)

		Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
4.4.4.1         4.4.4.1         437         0x80000003 0x004002 1
23.23.23.2      23.23.23.2      174         0x80000003 0x00FD14 1
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      446         0x80000005 0x00F7F1 2

		Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
23.23.23.2      23.23.23.2      497         0x80000001 0x004BAF
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      446         0x80000001 0x005F91

		Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
//用于描述其他ospf区域的lsa 3
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
4.4.0.1         4.4.4.1         414         0x80000001 0x00BE67
4.4.1.1         4.4.4.1         404         0x80000001 0x00B371
4.4.2.1         4.4.4.1         394         0x80000001 0x00A87B
4.4.3.1         4.4.4.1         384         0x80000001 0x009D85
4.4.4.1         4.4.4.1         374         0x80000001 0x00928F
45.45.45.0      4.4.4.1         439         0x80000001 0x00D2D4

		Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
56.56.56.5      4.4.4.1         130         0x80000001 0x00057B

		Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
1.1.1.0         23.23.23.2      175         0x80000001 0x009C05 0
//由R2通告的用于描述外部网络路由的lsa 5
6.6.0.0         56.56.56.5      135         0x80000001 0x00FC35 0
6.6.1.0         56.56.56.5      135         0x80000001 0x00F13F 0
6.6.2.0         56.56.56.5      135         0x80000001 0x00E649 0
6.6.3.0         56.56.56.5      135         0x80000001 0x00DB53 0
6.6.4.0         56.56.56.5      135         0x80000001 0x00D05D 0
//从R5通告的用于描述外部网络路由的lsa 5
12.12.12.0      23.23.23.2      175         0x80000001 0x000F71 0
56.56.56.0      56.56.56.5      135         0x80000001 0x00ABE9 0

由于area 1路由违背了stub区域要求,即stub区域不能够有ASBR路由器的特性,不能配置未节或者完全未节。因此本实验采用NSSA的配置方法来减少R3路由器的路由表大小

步骤4:在R4上将area 1区域配置为nssa区域

R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#area 1 nssa default-information-originate 
//Default-information-originate的参数目的是向area 1区域注入一条默认路由

R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#area 1 nssa 

R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa 

再次查看R3路由表和链路状态数据库

R3#show ip route 

Gateway of last resort is 34.34.34.4 to network 0.0.0.0

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       34.34.34.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O N2    1.1.1.0 [110/200] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/1
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 5 subnets
//从R2获得的外部路由
O IA    4.4.1.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    4.4.0.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    4.4.3.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    4.4.2.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:00:15, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    4.4.4.1 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:00:15, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O N2    12.12.12.0 [110/200] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/1
     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    45.45.45.0 [110/2] via 34.34.34.4, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0
O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 34.34.34.4, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0
//本条默认路由用于指出如何到达R5所连接外网,如果R5所连外部网络路由较多时,这样的好处是不言而喻的
R3#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (34.34.34.3) (Process ID 1)

		Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
4.4.4.1         4.4.4.1         187         0x80000005 0x00E750 1
23.23.23.2      23.23.23.2      156         0x80000005 0x00A95F 1
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      156         0x80000009 0x009F3F 2

		Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
23.23.23.3      34.34.34.3      156         0x80000001 0x004F82
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      181         0x80000003 0x0001E7

		Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
4.4.0.1         4.4.4.1         242         0x80000002 0x0062BC
4.4.1.1         4.4.4.1         242         0x80000002 0x0057C6
4.4.2.1         4.4.4.1         242         0x80000002 0x004CD0
4.4.3.1         4.4.4.1         242         0x80000002 0x0041DA
4.4.4.1         4.4.4.1         242         0x80000002 0x0036E4
45.45.45.0      4.4.4.1         245         0x80000002 0x00762A

		Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0         4.4.4.1         245         0x80000001 0x00AB8E 0
//到达R5所连接网络,由默认路由替代
1.1.1.0         23.23.23.2      162         0x80000001 0x0063EC 0
12.12.12.0      23.23.23.2      162         0x80000001 0x00D559 0

R1路由表:

R1#show ip route 

Gateway of last resort is 12.12.12.2 to network 0.0.0.0

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       34.34.34.0 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 5 subnets
R       4.4.1.1 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0
R       4.4.0.1 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0
R       4.4.3.1 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0
R       4.4.2.1 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0
R       4.4.4.1 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       23.23.23.0 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       45.45.45.0 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:10, FastEthernet0/0
R*   0.0.0.0/0 [120/10] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:10, FastEthernet0/0
//R1通过R2的重分发,正确学习到默认路由

检测网络联通性

R1#ping 6.6.0.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 6.6.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 108/128/176 ms

为了进一步简化area 1区域的路由器的路由表,我们采用完全次末节区域(Totally NSSA)特性来配置area 1。

步骤5:在NSSA的基础上配置Totally NSSA区域特性,只需要在R4的路由器上作如下配置:

R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#area 1 nssa no-summary 

再次查看R3的路由表和链路状态数据库:

R3#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (34.34.34.3) (Process ID 1)

		Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
4.4.4.1         4.4.4.1         526         0x80000005 0x00E750 1
23.23.23.2      23.23.23.2      495         0x80000005 0x00A95F 1
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      495         0x80000009 0x009F3F 2

		Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
23.23.23.3      34.34.34.3      495         0x80000001 0x004F82
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      521         0x80000003 0x0001E7

		Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
0.0.0.0         4.4.4.1         126         0x80000001 0x00D256

		Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 1)
//因为完全次末节区域与完全末节区域类似的是:丢弃类型3、4、5的lsa,
//所以此外将默认路由转发类型7,以便向R2进行通告
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0         4.4.4.1         582         0x80000001 0x00AB8E 0
//从R2收到lsa 7,此类型的lsa在送达到区域边界路由器(ABR),即R4,
//R4会将其转换为lsa 5转发给其他区域路由
1.1.1.0         23.23.23.2      500         0x80000001 0x0063EC 0
12.12.12.0      23.23.23.2      500         0x80000001 0x00D559 0

查看R1、R2路由表,并确认其网络联通性

R2#show ip route 

Gateway of last resort is 23.23.23.3 to network 0.0.0.0

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       34.34.34.0 [110/2] via 23.23.23.3, 00:16:39, FastEthernet0/1
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       1.1.1.0 [120/1] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/3] via 23.23.23.3, 00:10:39, FastEthernet0/1
R1#ping 6.6.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 6.6.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 104/149/188 ms

在R5上查看R3上产生的lsa 7是否被转换为lsa 5:

R5#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (56.56.56.5) (Process ID 1)

		Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
4.4.4.1         4.4.4.1         1193        0x80000008 0x001E4D 6
56.56.56.5      56.56.56.5      1691        0x80000003 0x007546 1

		Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
45.45.45.4      4.4.4.1         34          0x80000002 0x004D98

		Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
23.23.23.0      4.4.4.1         1132        0x80000001 0x00F7F0
34.34.34.0      4.4.4.1         1183        0x80000003 0x005C6A

		Type-5 AS External Link States
//在R5上发现描述1.1.1.0/24和12.12.12.0/24网络的lsa 5,
//说明R4确实将R3发送给R4的lsa 7转换为lsa 5向其他区域路由转发了
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
1.1.1.0         4.4.4.1         1101        0x80000001 0x00C7CC 0
6.6.0.0         56.56.56.5      1693        0x80000001 0x00FC35 0
6.6.1.0         56.56.56.5      1693        0x80000001 0x00F13F 0
6.6.2.0         56.56.56.5      1693        0x80000001 0x00E649 0
6.6.3.0         56.56.56.5      1693        0x80000001 0x00DB53 0
6.6.4.0         56.56.56.5      1693        0x80000001 0x00D05D 0
12.12.12.0      4.4.4.1         1103        0x80000001 0x003A39 0
56.56.56.0      56.56.56.5      1693        0x80000001 0x00ABE9 0

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值