Qt串口工具实现

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-23 19:40:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-23 19:40:48 发布

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分类专栏： Qt 文章标签： qt 串口通信

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本文详细介绍了如何使用QtSerialPort库在Qt应用程序中实现串口的连接、配置和数据收发，包括设置波特率、数据位、校验和停止位，以及实时显示接收到的数据。通过实例展示了串口操作的基本流程和关键函数的使用。

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使用QtSerialPort实现串口收发数据，具体代码如下：

头文件：

#ifdef WIN32
  #pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")
#endif

#ifndef SERIALPORTTOOLVIEW_H
#define SERIALPORTTOOLVIEW_H
#include <QObject>
#include <QFrame>
#include <QtSerialPort/QtSerialPort>
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo>
#include <QTextBrowser>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QComboBox>
#include <QPushButton>

class SerialPortToolView : public QFrame
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    SerialPortToolView(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    void                setupUI();

private:
    void                openSerialPort();
    void                closeSerialPort();
    void                clearBtnClicked();
    void                closeBtnClicked();
    void                sendCmdData();
    void                readyRead();
protected:

    void                mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event);
    void                mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event);
    void                mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event);
private:
    QTextBrowser    *m_textBrowser = Q_NULLPTR;
    QSerialPort     *m_serialPort = Q_NULLPTR;
    QLineEdit       *m_lineEdit = Q_NULLPTR;
    QComboBox       *m_combSerialPortName= Q_NULLPTR;
    QPushButton     *m_pSerialPortOpen = Q_NULLPTR;
    QPushButton     *m_pSerialPortClose = Q_NULLPTR;
    QPoint          m_beginDrag = QPoint(-1,-1);
};

#endif // SERIALPORTTOOLVIEW_H

cpp文件

#ifdef WIN32
  #pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")
#endif

#include "SerialPortToolView.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QListView>
#include <QMouseEvent>
#include <QDesktopWidget>
#include <QApplication>

SerialPortToolView::SerialPortToolView(QWidget *parent)
    :QFrame(parent)
{
//    this->setWindowFlags(Qt::FramelessWindowHint | Qt::WindowStaysOnTopHint);
    this->setFixedSize(1150,700);
}

void SerialPortToolView::setupUI()
{
    if (m_serialPort == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        m_serialPort = new QSerialPort(this);
        QObject::connect(m_serialPort, &QSerialPort::readyRead, this, &SerialPortToolView::readyRead);
    }

    QString  strBtnStyleSheet = QString("QPushButton#serialPortBtn{font-size:22px;}"
                                        "QPushButton#serialPortBtn:disabled{color:#999999;}");
    if (m_combSerialPortName == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        m_combSerialPortName = new QComboBox();
        m_combSerialPortName->setView(new QListView());
        m_combSerialPortName->setEditable(false);
        m_combSerialPortName->setObjectName("comBoxPortName");
        m_combSerialPortName->setFixedSize(110,50);
        QString strComStyleSheet = QString("QComboBox#comBoxPortName{font-family:Yahei;font-size:20px;}"
                                           "QComboBox QAbstractItemView{font-size:20px;}"
                                           "QComboBox QAbstractItemView::item{height:50px;}"
                                           "QComboBox#comBoxPortName::down-arrow{height:30px;width:20px;}"
                                           "QComboBox#comBoxPortName::down-down{width:40px;}");
        m_combSerialPortName->setStyleSheet(strComStyleSheet);
    }
    m_combSerialPortName->clear();

    foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &portinfo,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
    {
        m_combSerialPortName->addItem(portinfo.portName());
    }

    if (m_pSerialPortOpen == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        m_pSerialPortOpen = new QPushButton();
        m_pSerialPortOpen->setObjectName("serialPortBtn");
        m_pSerialPortOpen->setText("打开串口");
        m_pSerialPortOpen->setFixedSize(120,50);
        m_pSerialPortOpen->setStyleSheet(strBtnStyleSheet);
        connect(m_pSerialPortOpen, &QPushButton::clicked,this, &SerialPortToolView::openSerialPort);
    }

    if (m_pSerialPortClose == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        m_pSerialPortClose = new QPushButton();
        m_pSerialPortClose->setObjectName("serialPortBtn");
        m_pSerialPortClose->setText("关闭串口");
        m_pSerialPortClose->setFixedSize(120,50);
        m_pSerialPortClose->setStyleSheet(strBtnStyleSheet);
        connect(m_pSerialPortClose, &QPushButton::clicked,this, &SerialPortToolView::closeSerialPort);
    }
    m_pSerialPortOpen->setDisabled(false);
    m_pSerialPortClose->setDisabled(true);

    if (m_lineEdit == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        m_lineEdit = new QLineEdit();
        m_lineEdit->setObjectName("sendLineEdit");
        m_lineEdit->setPlaceholderText("请输入发送内容：");
        m_lineEdit->setFixedSize(400,60);
        m_lineEdit->setStyleSheet(QString("QLineEdit#sendLineEdit{font-size:20px;}"));
    }
    QPushButton *pSendDataBtn = new QPushButton();
    pSendDataBtn->setObjectName("serialPortBtn");
    pSendDataBtn->setText("发送");
    pSendDataBtn->setFixedSize(100,50);
    pSendDataBtn->setStyleSheet(strBtnStyleSheet);
    connect(pSendDataBtn, &QPushButton::clicked,this, &SerialPortToolView::sendCmdData);

    QPushButton *pClearDataBtn = new QPushButton();
    pClearDataBtn->setObjectName("serialPortBtn");
    pClearDataBtn->setText("清空");
    pClearDataBtn->setFixedSize(100,50);
    pClearDataBtn->setStyleSheet(strBtnStyleSheet);
    connect(pClearDataBtn, &QPushButton::clicked,this, &SerialPortToolView::clearBtnClicked);

    QPushButton *pCloseBtn = new QPushButton();
    pCloseBtn->setObjectName("serialPortBtn");
    pCloseBtn->setText("关闭");
    pCloseBtn->setFixedSize(100,50);
    pCloseBtn->setStyleSheet(strBtnStyleSheet);
    connect(pCloseBtn, &QPushButton::clicked,this, &SerialPortToolView::closeBtnClicked);

    QHBoxLayout *serialPortLyt = new QHBoxLayout();
    serialPortLyt->setMargin(0);
    serialPortLyt->setSpacing(15);
    serialPortLyt->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
    serialPortLyt->addWidget(m_combSerialPortName,0,Qt::AlignCenter);
    serialPortLyt->addWidget(m_pSerialPortOpen,0,Qt::AlignCenter);
    serialPortLyt->addWidget(m_pSerialPortClose,0,Qt::AlignCenter);
    serialPortLyt->addWidget(m_lineEdit,0,Qt::AlignCenter);
    serialPortLyt->addWidget(pSendDataBtn,0,Qt::AlignCenter);
    serialPortLyt->addWidget(pClearDataBtn,0,Qt::AlignCenter);
    serialPortLyt->addWidget(pCloseBtn,0,Qt::AlignCenter);

    if (m_textBrowser == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        m_textBrowser = new QTextBrowser();
    }

    QVBoxLayout *mainLyt = new QVBoxLayout();
    mainLyt->setMargin(0);
    mainLyt->setSpacing(20);
    mainLyt->addLayout(serialPortLyt);
    mainLyt->addWidget(m_textBrowser);

    this->setLayout(mainLyt);
}

void SerialPortToolView::openSerialPort()
{
    if (m_combSerialPortName == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        return;
    }

    m_serialPort->setPortName(m_combSerialPortName->currentText());
    if (!m_serialPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
    {
        qDebug() << "打开串口失败" << m_serialPort->portName() << m_combSerialPortName->currentText();
        return;
    }
    m_pSerialPortOpen->setDisabled(true);
    m_pSerialPortClose->setDisabled(false);
    m_combSerialPortName->setDisabled(true);
    m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud19200);
    m_serialPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
    m_serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
    m_serialPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
    m_serialPort->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);

}

void SerialPortToolView::closeSerialPort()
{
    if (m_serialPort != Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        m_serialPort->close();
    }
    m_pSerialPortOpen->setDisabled(false);
    m_pSerialPortClose->setDisabled(true);
    m_combSerialPortName->setDisabled(false);
}

void SerialPortToolView::clearBtnClicked()
{
    if (m_textBrowser)
    {
        m_textBrowser->clear();
    }
}

void SerialPortToolView::closeBtnClicked()
{
    if (m_serialPort != Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        m_serialPort->close();
    }
    m_pSerialPortOpen->setDisabled(false);
    m_pSerialPortClose->setDisabled(true);
    m_combSerialPortName->setDisabled(false);
    this->close();
}

void SerialPortToolView::sendCmdData()
{
    if (m_serialPort == Q_NULLPTR || m_lineEdit == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        return;
    }
    QString strText = m_lineEdit->text().replace(" ","");
    QByteArray arSend = QByteArray::fromHex(strText.toUtf8());
    m_serialPort->write(arSend);
    m_serialPort->flush();
}

void SerialPortToolView::readyRead()
{
    if (m_serialPort == Q_NULLPTR || m_textBrowser == Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        return;
    }
    m_textBrowser->append(m_serialPort->readAll().toHex());
}
void SerialPortToolView::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    m_beginDrag = event->pos();
    return QFrame::mousePressEvent(event);
}

void SerialPortToolView::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    QDesktopWidget* desktop = QApplication::desktop();
    QRect windowRect(desktop->availableGeometry());
    QRect widgetRect(this->geometry());
    QPoint point(event->globalPos() - m_beginDrag);

    //以下是防止窗口拖出可见范围外
    //左边
    if (point.x() <= 0)
    {
        point = QPoint(0,point.y());
    }
    //右边
    int y = windowRect.bottomRight().y() - this->size().height();
    if (point.y() >= y && widgetRect.topLeft().y() >= y)
    {
        point = QPoint(point.x(),y);
    }
    //上边
    if (point.y() <= 0)
    {
        point = QPoint(point.x(),0);
    }
    //下边
    int x = windowRect.bottomRight().x() - this->size().width();
    if (point.x() >= x && widgetRect.topLeft().x() >= x)
    {
        point = QPoint(x,point.y());
    }
    this->move(point);
    return QFrame::mouseMoveEvent(event);
}

void SerialPortToolView::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    return QFrame::mouseReleaseEvent(event);
}

运行效果：