`PF_NETLINK` 是用于与内核通信的Socket族之一

PF_NETLINK是Linux内核提供的一种用于内核与用户空间进程之间通信的协议。下面是一个简单的PF_NETLINK服务端和客户端的示例代码： 服务端代码： ``` #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <linux/netlink.h> #define NETLINK_TEST 25 #define MSG_LEN 100 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int skfd; struct sockaddr_nl saddr, daddr; struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL; struct iovec iov; struct msghdr msg; char msg_buf[MSG_LEN]; // 创建socket skfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST); if (skfd == -1) { perror("socket"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 绑定源地址 memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr)); saddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; saddr.nl_pid = getpid(); saddr.nl_groups = 0; if (bind(skfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0) { perror("bind"); close(skfd); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 初始化目标地址 memset(&daddr, 0, sizeof(daddr)); daddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; daddr.nl_pid = 0; // 目标地址为内核 daddr.nl_groups = 0; // 构造netlink消息 nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)msg_buf; nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(strlen("Hello from kernel!")); nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid(); nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0; strcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), "Hello from kernel!"); // 设置iov iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh; iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len; // 设置msghdr memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg)); msg.msg_name = (void *)&daddr; msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(daddr); msg.msg_iov = &iov; msg.msg_iovlen = 1; // 发送消息 if (sendmsg(skfd, &msg, 0) == -1) { perror("sendmsg"); close(skfd); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("Kernel message sent.\n"); close(skfd); return 0; } ``` 客户端代码： ``` #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <linux/netlink.h> #define NETLINK_TEST 25 #define MSG_LEN 100 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int skfd; struct sockaddr_nl saddr, daddr; struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL; struct iovec iov; struct msghdr msg; char msg_buf[MSG_LEN]; // 创建socket skfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST); if (skfd == -1) { perror("socket"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 初始化源地址 memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr)); saddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; saddr.nl_pid = getpid(); saddr.nl_groups = 0; // 绑定源地址 if (bind(skfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0) { perror("bind"); close(skfd); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 初始化目标地址 memset(&daddr, 0, sizeof(daddr)); daddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; daddr.nl_pid = 0; // 目标地址为内核 daddr.nl_groups = 0; // 构造netlink消息 nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)msg_buf; nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(MSG_LEN); nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid(); nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0; strcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), "Hello from user space!"); // 设置iov iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh; iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len; // 设置msghdr memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg)); msg.msg_name = (void *)&daddr; msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(daddr); msg.msg_iov = &iov; msg.msg_iovlen = 1; // 发送消息 if (sendmsg(skfd, &msg, 0) == -1) { perror("sendmsg"); close(skfd); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("User message sent.\n"); // 接收消息 memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg)); msg.msg_name = (void *)&saddr; msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(saddr); msg.msg_iov = &iov; msg.msg_iovlen = 1; if (recvmsg(skfd, &msg, 0) == -1) { perror("recvmsg"); close(skfd); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("Received message from kernel: %s\n", (char *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh)); close(skfd); return 0; } ``` 运行上述服务端和客户端代码即可进行PF_NETLINK通信。注意需要以root权限运行程序。