k8s部署tomcat和jenkins服务

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本文介绍Kubernetes中常用命令的应用，并详细展示了如何部署Tomcat及Jenkins服务，包括配置、服务暴露及外部访问设置等关键步骤。

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常用命令

kubectl get ns 查询当前集群内所有namespace

[root@k8s-master-19 k8s]# kubectl get ns
NAME                   STATUS   AGE
default                Active   13d
kube-node-lease        Active   13d
kube-public            Active   13d
kube-system            Active   13d
kubernetes-dashboard   Active   13d
ops                    Active   11d

kubectl get pods -n xxx: 获取指定命名空间的所有pods

[root@k8s-master-19 k8s]# kubectl get pods -n default
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
tomcat6-56fcc999cb-g8zql   1/1     Running   0          13m
tomcat6-56fcc999cb-qp762   1/1     Running   0          13m
tomcat6-56fcc999cb-tng6q   1/1     Running   0          13m
[root@k8s-master-19 k8s]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-f9fd979d6-cfp6r                 1/1     Running   1          12d
coredns-f9fd979d6-l7975                 1/1     Running   1          4d19h
etcd-k8s-master-19                      1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-apiserver-k8s-master-19            1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master-19   1/1     Running   4          13d
kube-flannel-ds-99bl2                   1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-flannel-ds-j74d9                   1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-flannel-ds-kx5vc                   1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-flannel-ds-wjjm6                   1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-flannel-ds-xpd4g                   1/1     Running   2          13d
kube-proxy-jhrsq                        1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-proxy-phkgl                        1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-proxy-vb8ss                        1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-proxy-vvsfc                        1/1     Running   1          13d
kube-proxy-zcnp2                        1/1     Running   3          13d
kube-scheduler-k8s-master-19            1/1     Running   4          13d

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces：获取所有命名空间的所有pods

[root@k8s-master-19 k8s]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE              NAME                                         READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
default                tomcat6-56fcc999cb-g8zql                     1/1     Running             0          14m
default                tomcat6-56fcc999cb-qp762                     1/1     Running             0          14m
default                tomcat6-56fcc999cb-tng6q                     1/1     Running             0          14m
kube-system            coredns-f9fd979d6-cfp6r                      1/1     Running             1          12d
kube-system            coredns-f9fd979d6-l7975                      1/1     Running             1          4d19h
kube-system            etcd-k8s-master-19                           1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-apiserver-k8s-master-19                 1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-controller-manager-k8s-master-19        1/1     Running             4          13d
kube-system            kube-flannel-ds-99bl2                        1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-flannel-ds-j74d9                        1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-flannel-ds-kx5vc                        1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-flannel-ds-wjjm6                        1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-flannel-ds-xpd4g                        1/1     Running             2          13d
kube-system            kube-proxy-jhrsq                             1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-proxy-phkgl                             1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-proxy-vb8ss                             1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-proxy-vvsfc                             1/1     Running             1          13d
kube-system            kube-proxy-zcnp2                             1/1     Running             3          13d
kube-system            kube-scheduler-k8s-master-19                 1/1     Running             4          13d
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b59f7d4df-zq59r   1/1     Running             2          4d19h
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard-7f5754dff6-ctvds        1/1     Running             1          12d
ops                    nacos-deployment-598cd54f4d-dvn9f            0/2     ContainerCreating   0          4d19h

使用-o [option]可以输出指定格式的信息，支持的option如下

Output format	Description
`-o custom-columns=xxx,xxx`	使用逗号分隔的自定义列列表打印表
`-o custom-columns-file=`	使用指定文件中的自定义列模板打印表。
`-o json`	输出 JSON 格式的 API 对象
`-o jsonpath=`	打印 jsonpath 表达式定义的字段
`-o jsonpath-file=`	打印指定文件中 jsonpath 表达式定义的字段。
`-o name`	仅打印资源名称而不打印任何其他内容
`-o wide`	以纯文本格式输出，包含任何附加信息。对于 pod 包含节点名。
`-o yaml`	输出 YAML 格式的 API 对象。

服务部署

tomcat6配置

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: tomcat6
  name: tomcat6
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: tomcat6
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tomcat6
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: tomcat:6.0.53-jre8
        name: tomcat
        
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: tomcat6
  name: tomcat6
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 30010
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    app: tomcat6
  type: NodePort
  externalIPs:
  - 192.168.0.5
  - 192.168.0.12
  - 192.168.0.30

nfs服务的搭建

选择nfs节点: 如选择存储容量较大的192.168.0.12节点。

nfs节点(192.168.0.12)执行 yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
nfs节点创建共享目录 mkdir -p /opt/software/nfs

修改共享配置 vim /etc/exports

/opt/software/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

启动服务并设置开机启动(注意启动顺序)

[root@k8s-node-12 ~]# systemctl start rpcbind.service
[root@k8s-node-12 ~]# systemctl status rpcbind.service
[root@k8s-node-12 ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind.service

[root@k8s-node-12 ~]# systemctl start nfs.service
[root@k8s-node-12 ~]# systemctl enable nfs.service
[root@k8s-node-12 ~]# systemctl status nfs.service

5.查看服务启动结果

[root@k8s-node-12 ~]# systemctl status nfs rpcbind
● nfs-server.service - NFS server and services
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /run/systemd/generator/nfs-server.service.d
           └─order-with-mounts.conf
   Active: active (exited) since Sun 2020-10-04 21:14:54 CST; 1 weeks 1 days ago
 Main PID: 12459 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Tasks: 0
   Memory: 0B
   CGroup: /system.slice/nfs-server.service

Oct 04 21:14:54 k8s-node-12 systemd[1]: Starting NFS server and services...
Oct 04 21:14:54 k8s-node-12 systemd[1]: Started NFS server and services.

● rpcbind.service - RPC bind service
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-10-04 21:14:16 CST; 1 weeks 1 days ago
 Main PID: 12166 (rpcbind)
    Tasks: 1
   Memory: 596.0K
   CGroup: /system.slice/rpcbind.service
           └─12166 /sbin/rpcbind -w

Oct 04 21:14:16 k8s-node-12 systemd[1]: Starting RPC bind service...
Oct 04 21:14:16 k8s-node-12 systemd[1]: Started RPC bind service.

可以看到服务是成功启动了的

其余节点执行mkdir -p /opt/software/nfs && mount -t nfs -o nolock,nfsvers=3,vers=3 192.168.0.12:/opt/software/nfs /opt/software/nfs挂载共享目录到本地

其余节点执行yum -y install nfs-utils && showmount -e 192.168.0.12

[root@k8s-node-16 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.0.12
Export list for 192.168.0.12:
/opt/software/nfs *

可以看到绑定成功。

目录挂载-pvc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: nfs-node12        # pv 名字
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: nfs-node12       # 定义 labels ap: kl-test
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 1.5T     # 定义容量
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany    # 访问模式
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain # 回收策略
  storageClassName: nfs                 # 定义 storageClassName 只有相同名字的才能绑定在一起
  nfs:
    path: /opt/software/nfs
    server: 192.168.0.12

---

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-node12     # pvc 名字
  namespace: default
spec:
  storageClassName: nfs  # Name of Storage Class Name, use same class name defined in pv
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1.5T     # amout of Storage request
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-node12      # 指定 pv 的标签 kl-test

执行kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml

jenkins服务配置-jenkins30999.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: jenkins30999
  name: jenkins30999
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: jenkins30999
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: jenkins30999
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: jenkins:latest
        name: jenkins30999
        volumeMounts:
        - name: nfs-node12
          mountPath: "/var/jenkins_home"
          subPath: "jenkins_home"
      volumes:
      - name: nfs-node12
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: nfs-node12

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: jenkins30999
  name: jenkins30999
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 30999
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    app: jenkins30999
  type: NodePort
  externalIPs:
  - 192.168.0.5

执行kubectl apply -f jenkins30999.yaml
查看运行状态:

[root@k8s-master-19 k8s]# kubectl get pods -n default 
NAME                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
jenkins30999-d8d6b79bb-r85wr   1/1     Running   0          4m28s
tomcat6-56fcc999cb-g8zql       1/1     Running   0          114m
tomcat6-56fcc999cb-qp762       1/1     Running   0          114m
tomcat6-56fcc999cb-tng6q       1/1     Running   0          114m

注意:

1.jenkins部署的例子是将容器内的目录挂载到了nfs的子目录下(当然也可以指定其他的持久化存储方式,详见官网)，这里挂载到子目录是通过subPath指定的，可以通过shoumount -e 192.168.0.12 来查看nfs共享的目录位置，这里为了区分不同的业务指定了子目录，具体的效果就是会在共享目录下创建指定的子目录并存储数据

2.jenkins部署的例子指定了service的type是NodePort主要是为了实现外网的访问，IP是通过externalIPs指定的，端口是通过spec.port属性指定的，这样的话访问地址就是192.168.0.12:30999（IP和端口请根据具体情况修改）

到此k8s集群部署jenkins服务并挂载指定目录就完成了,后续会针对配置文件进行更深入的学习和分享。