【Spring】autowired NullPointerException

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-24 21:19:15 发布

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分类专栏： java spring 文章标签： spring postConstruct

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本文探讨了Spring框架中Bean的生命周期，特别是初始化阶段的问题。通过一个实例，展示了当在构造函数之前尝试访问未初始化的依赖项时，如何引发NullPointerException。文章提供了修改建议，即将依赖项访问延迟到postConstruct方法中。

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代码：

@Service
public class Api {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceA serviceA;

    private String name = serviceA.getName();

}

@Service
public class ServiceA {

    public String getName(){
        return "";
    }
}


public static void main(String args[]) {
     ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class);
}

报错:

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'api' defined in file [/Users/miracle/test/mvn/test_spring/target/classes/com/abc/api.class]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [com.abc.api]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1076)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1021)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:700)
   at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
   at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
   at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.java:84)
   at Main.main(Main.java:40)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [com.abc.api]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException
   at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:164)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:89)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1069)
   ... 12 more
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
   at com.abc.api.<init>(api.java:12)
   at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
   at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
   at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
   at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
   at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:148)
   ... 14 more