关于Junit报java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.ServletResponse的解决方法

本文解决在使用Junit对SpringMVC的service层进行测试时出现的Failed to load ApplicationContext错误,通过在pom文件中添加javax.servlet-api依赖解决了因默认servlet-api版本过低导致的问题。

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在使用Junit对Spring MVC的service层进行测试时,当使用以下两个注解,且配置正确。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml")

运行Junit用例时,报如下错误:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler#0': Failed to introspect bean class [org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler] for lookup method metadata: could not find class that it depends on; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletResponse
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.determineCandidateConstructors(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:269)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1126)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1099)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:312)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:308)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:106)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:249)
	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
	... 24 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletResponse
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
	at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701)
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975)
	at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:613)
	at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:524)
	at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:510)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.determineCandidateConstructors(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:247)
	... 41 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.ServletResponse
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
	... 48 more

参考https://blog.csdn.net/babyLetsGo/article/details/90171632,在pom文件中,增加

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

问题得到解决,原因是默认使用的servlet-api的版本过低。

### 解决 `java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.platform.launcher.TestIdentifier` 的方法 当遇到 `ClassNotFoundException` 错误提示缺少 `org.junit.platform.launcher.TestIdentifier` 类时,通常是因为项目中缺失必要的 JUnit 平台启动器依赖项。 为了确保 JUnit 测试能够正常运行,在项目的构建文件(如 Maven 或 Gradle 文件)中应正确引入所需的依赖库。对于 Maven 构建工具而言,需确认 pom.xml 文件内已声明如下依赖: ```xml <dependencies> <!-- JUnit Platform Launcher --> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId> <artifactId>junit-platform-launcher</artifactId> <version>1.9.0</version> <!-- 版本号依据实际需求调整 --> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- JUnit Jupiter API 和 Engine (如果使用 JUnit 5)--> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId> <version>5.9.0</version> <!-- 版本号依据实际需求调整 --> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId> <version>5.9.0</version> <!-- 版本号依据实际需求调整 --> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> ``` 上述 XML 配置片段展示了如何通过添加适当版本的 JUnit 平台启动器以及 JUnit Jupiter 组件来修复 ClassNotFoundException 异常[^1]。 此外,还需注意保持所使用的各个组件之间的兼容性,建议统一升级至最新稳定版以减少潜在冲突的可能性。完成这些更改之后重新编译并执行测试案例即可验证问题是否得到妥善处理。
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