Springboot（二十）启动时数据库初始化spring.datasource/spring.jpa

1.使用springboot jdbc初始化数据库

spring:
  datasource:
    username: xuhaixing
    password: xuhaixing
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.151:3306/mytest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    platform: mysql
    #启动时需要初始化的建表语句
    schema: classpath:schema-mysql.sql
    #初始化的数据
    data: classpath:data-mysql.sql
    # Initialize the datasource with available DDL and DML scripts.
    initialization-mode: always
    continue-on-error: false
    #data-password:
    #data-username:
    #schema-password:
    #schema-username:
    sql-script-encoding: utf-8
    separator: ;

  spring.datasource下有两个属性  schme、data，其中schema为表初始化语句，data为数据初始化，默认加载schema.sql与data.sql。脚本位置可以通过spring.datasource.schema  与spring.datasource.data 来改变，源码如下：

/**
	 * Create the schema if necessary.
	 * @return {@code true} if the schema was created
	 * @see DataSourceProperties#getSchema()
	 */
	public boolean createSchema() {
		List<Resource> scripts = getScripts("spring.datasource.schema",
				this.properties.getSchema(), "schema");
		if (!scripts.isEmpty()) {
			if (!isEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Initialization disabled (not running DDL scripts)");
				return false;
			}
			String username = this.properties.getSchemaUsername();
			String password = this.properties.getSchemaPassword();
			runScripts(scripts, username, password);
		}
		return !scripts.isEmpty();
	}

	/**
	 * Initialize the schema if necessary.
	 * @see DataSourceProperties#getData()
	 */
	public void initSchema() {
		List<Resource> scripts = getScripts("spring.datasource.data",
				this.properties.getData(), "data");
		if (!scripts.isEmpty()) {
			if (!isEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Initialization disabled (not running data scripts)");
				return;
			}
			String username = this.properties.getDataUsername();
			String password = this.properties.getDataPassword();
			runScripts(scripts, username, password);
		}
	}

看getScripts源码，它还会加载schema-${platform}.sql文件，或者data-${platform}.sql文件，其中platform就是spring.datasource.platform的值

	private List<Resource> getScripts(String propertyName, List<String> resources,
			String fallback) {
		if (resources != null) {
			return getResources(propertyName, resources, true);
		}
		String platform = this.properties.getPlatform();
		List<String> fallbackResources = new ArrayList<>();
		fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + "-" + platform + ".sql");
		fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + ".sql");
		return getResources(propertyName, fallbackResources, false);
	}

	private List<Resource> getScripts(String propertyName, List<String> resources,
			String fallback) {
		if (resources != null) {
			return getResources(propertyName, resources, true);
		}
		String platform = this.properties.getPlatform();
		List<String> fallbackResources = new ArrayList<>();
		fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + "-" + platform + ".sql");
		fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + ".sql");
		return getResources(propertyName, fallbackResources, false);
	}

spring.datasource.initialization-mode  初始化模式（springboot2.0），其中有三个值，always为始终执行初始化，embedded只初始化内存数据库（默认值）,如h2等，never为不执行初始化。

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2017 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.boot.jdbc;

/**
 * Supported {@link javax.sql.DataSource} initialization modes.
 *
 * @author Vedran Pavic
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @since 2.0.0
 * @see AbstractDataSourceInitializer
 */
public enum DataSourceInitializationMode {

	/**
	 * Always initialize the datasource.
	 */
	ALWAYS,

	/**
	 * Only initialize an embedded datasource.
	 */
	EMBEDDED,

	/**
	 * Do not initialize the datasource.
	 */
	NEVER

}

spring.datasouce.data-passwork:

spring.datasouce.data-username:

spring.datasouce.schema-password:

spring.datasouce.schema-username:

这四个值为执行schema.sql或者data.sql时，用的用户

spring.datasource.sql-script-encoding: utf-8 为文件的编码

spring.datasource.separator: ; 为sql脚本中语句分隔符

spring.datasource.continue-on-error: false   遇到语句错误时是否继续，若已经执行过某些语句，再执行可能会报错，可以忽略，不会影响程序启动

2.使用hibernate初始化数据库

spring:
  jpa:
    show-sql: true
    #启动时是否初始化数据库-hibernate
    generate-ddl: false
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update

generate-ddl: 为true时，执行schema创建，会检测classpath下的import.sql文件，当然spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto: 必须为create/update/create-drop，none和validate是不行的，因为这个创建时hibernate的，所以建议用spring的

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