【opencv】opencv的框架与各模块功能介绍

       学习opencv已有三个月时间，特此记录一下自己的所学知识，便于日后回顾与整理。文中内容多为摘录，具体链接如下：

摘录自：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/33008701（框架介绍）

              http://blog.csdn.net/poem_qianmo/article/details/19925819（各模块介绍，opencv2版，毛星云）

              http://blog.csdn.net/zmdsjtu/article/details/54924727（opencv3与opencv2的对比，很棒！）

官方文档：

opencv官网：https://opencv.org/

opencv库各版本下载：https://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/

opencv中文网站论坛：http://www.opencv.org.cn/

opencv 1.x中文文档：http://wiki.opencv.org.cn/index.php/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5

opencv 2.3文档：http://www.opencv.org.cn/opencvdoc/2.3.2/html/index.html

opencv 3.4文档：https://docs.opencv.org/master/

 1.1 opencv介绍

        OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library: http://opencv.org) is an open-source BSD-licensed library that includes several hundreds of computer vision algorithms. The document describes the so-called OpenCV 2.x API, which is essentially a C++ API, as opposite to the C-based OpenCV 1.x API. The latter is described in opencv1x.pdf.

OpenCV has a modular structure, which means that the package includes several shared or static libraries. The following modules are available:

• Core functionality - a compact module defining basic data structures, including the dense multi-dimensional array Mat and basic functions used by all other modules.
• Image processing - an image processing module that includes linear and non-linear image filtering, geometrical image transformations (resize, affine and perspective warping, generic table-based remapping), color space conversion, histograms, and so on.
• video - a video analysis module that includes motion estimation, background subtraction, and object tracking algorithms.
• calib3d - basic multiple-view geometry algorithms, single and stereo camera calibration, object pose estimation, stereo correspondence algorithms, and elements of 3D reconstruction.
• features2d - salient feature detectors, descriptors, and descriptor matchers.
• objdetect - detection of objects and instances of the predefined classes (for example, faces, eyes, mugs, people, cars, and so on).
• highgui - an easy-to-use interface to simple UI capabilities.
• Video I/O - an easy-to-use interface to video capturing and video codecs.
• gpu - GPU-accelerated algorithms from different OpenCV modules.
• ... some other helper modules, such as FLANN and Google test wrappers, Python bi