【python】同步/异步与阻塞/非阻塞，get/post，__new__/__init__，async/await相关概念

修改：解决publish返回问题： 在event_center.py中修改publish方法，异常子句过于宽泛，代码，#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ 优化后的事件中心模块 (最终版) """ import logging import threading import uuid import time from enum import Enum, auto from typing import Tuple, Dict, List, Callable, Optional, Any, Set, DefaultDict, Union from collections import defaultdict from dataclasses import dataclass, field from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor # 初始化日志 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) class EventType(Enum): """完整事件类型枚举（合并基础版和增强版）""" # 基础事件类型 MODULE_RUN = auto() ANALYSIS_RESULT = auto() MODULE_ERROR = auto() REGISTER_UI = auto() GET_RESULTS = auto() # 系统事件 SYSTEM_STARTUP = auto() SYSTEM_SHUTDOWN = auto() MODULE_READY = auto() ERROR = auto() # 模块特定事件 INPUT_ANALYSIS_START = auto() INPUT_ANALYSIS_END = auto() COMBINATION_ANALYSIS_START = auto() COMBINATION_ANALYSIS_END = auto() FOLLOW_ANALYSIS_START = auto() FOLLOW_ANALYSIS_UPDATE = auto() TREND_ANALYSIS_REQUEST = auto() TREND_ANALYSIS_REPORT = auto() NUMBER_GENERATION_START = auto() NUMBER_GENERATION_FINISH = auto() # 测试事件 TEST_EVENT = auto() @dataclass class Event: """事件数据类""" type: Union[str, EventType] # 必须放在非默认参数位置 source: str # 必须放在非默认参数位置 target: Optional[str] = None event_id: str = field(default_factory=lambda: str(uuid.uuid4())) token: Optional[str] = None data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=dict) timestamp: float = field(default_factory=time.time) def __post_init__(self): """数据验证和类型转换""" if isinstance(self.type, EventType): self.type = self.type.name if not isinstance(self.type, str) or not self.type: raise ValueError("type 必须是非空字符串或EventType枚举") class EventCenter: """线程安全的事件中心（最终优化版）""" _instance = None _lock = threading.Lock() _executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10, thread_name_prefix="EventWorker") def __new__(cls): with cls._lock: if cls._instance is None: cls._instance = super().__new__(cls) cls._instance.__initialized = False return cls._instance def __init__(self): """初始化事件中心（单例模式）""" if getattr(self, '__initialized', False): return self.__initialized = True self._subscribers: DefaultDict[str, List[Tuple[Callable[[Event], None], Optional[str]]]] = defaultdict(list) self._event_history: Dict[str, Event] = {} self._pending_acks: Set[str] = set() self._ack_timeout = 5.0 self._stats = { 'total_events': 0, 'failed_events': 0, 'delivered_events': 0 } def subscribe(self, event_type: Union[str, EventType], handler: Callable[[Event], None], token: Optional[str] = None) -> None: """订阅事件（支持token过滤）""" event_type_str = event_type.name if isinstance(event_type, EventType) else str(event_type) with self._lock: self._subscribers[event_type_str].append((handler, token)) logger.debug(f"已订阅事件: {event_type_str}, token: {token}") def unsubscribe(self, event_type: Union[str, EventType], handler: Callable[[Event], None]) -> bool: """取消订阅事件""" event_type_str = event_type.name if isinstance(event_type, EventType) else str(event_type) with self._lock: if event_type_str not in self._subscribers: return False before = len(self._subscribers[event_type_str]) self._subscribers[event_type_str] = [ (h, t) for h, t in self._subscribers[event_type_str] if h != handler ] removed = before != len(self._subscribers[event_type_str]) if removed: logger.debug(f"已取消订阅: {event_type_str}") return removed def publish(self, event, require_ack=False, async_handle=True) -> bool: """发布事件（支持同步/异步处理）""" try: event.__post_init__() # 验证事件数据 except ValueError as e: logger.error(f"事件验证失败: {e}") self._stats['failed_events'] += 1 return True # 成功时返回True except Exception: return False # 失败时返回False with self._lock: if event.event_id in self._event_history: logger.warning(f"重复事件ID: {event.event_id}") return False self._event_history[event.event_id] = event self._stats['total_events'] += 1 if require_ack: self._pending_acks.add(event.event_id) handlers = self._get_matching_handlers(event) if not handlers: logger.debug(f"没有处理器订阅: {event.type}") return True if async_handle: self._executor.submit(self._dispatch_event, event, handlers, require_ack) else: self._dispatch_event(event, handlers, require_ack) return True def _get_matching_handlers(self, event: Event) -> List[Callable[[Event], None]]: """获取匹配的事件处理器""" with self._lock: return [ h for h, t in self._subscribers.get(event.type, []) if t is None or t == event.token ] def _dispatch_event(self, event: Event, handlers: List[Callable[[Event], None]], require_ack: bool) -> None: """分发事件到处理器""" for handler in handlers: try: handler(event) self._stats['delivered_events'] += 1 logger.debug(f"事件处理成功: {event.event_id[:8]}") except Exception as e: logger.exception(f"处理器异常: {e}") if require_ack and event.target: self._wait_for_ack(event) def _wait_for_ack(self, event: Event) -> None: """等待事件确认""" start = time.time() while time.time() - start < self._ack_timeout: with self._lock: if event.event_id not in self._pending_acks: return time.sleep(0.05) logger.warning(f"事件确认超时: {event.event_id[:8]}") def get_stats(self) -> Dict[str, int]: """获取事件中心统计信息""" with self._lock: return self._stats.copy() # 全局单例实例 event_center = EventCenter() # 测试代码 if __name__ == "__main__": logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) def test_handler(event: Event): print(f"处理测试事件: {event.event_id[:8]}, 数据: {event.data}") time.sleep(0.1) # 测试订阅和发布 event_center.subscribe(EventType.TEST_EVENT, test_handler) test_event = Event( type=EventType.TEST_EVENT, source="test_script", data={"message": "Hello EventCenter"}, token="test_token" ) event_center.publish(test_event) time.sleep(0.5) # 测试统计功能 print("事件中心统计:", event_center.get_stats())