安卓依赖包关系:support->Androidx->Jetpack

本文介绍了Jetpack(充气背包)组件库的发展历程,从Support库到AndroidX的转变,再到Jetpack开发套件的形成。Jetpack旨在提供最佳实践、减少样板代码并确保向后兼容性,而AndroidX则作为内部管理包承载了Jetpack的源码。

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1.官方定义
jetpack(充气背包)
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2. 组件库分类介绍
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分类和详细介绍见链接;
3. 谷歌亲儿子系列依赖包的发展史
3.1 Support库:
Support库是为新API提供向后兼容性的支持库,包含大量应用组件、视图、Material Design等功能类。重新改写的Preference组件也包含其中。依据兼容API版本的不同,Support库的分支众多且凌乱,使用起来也愈发繁琐和呆板。
3.2 一统江湖的AndroidX:
Support库愈加臃肿的分支和呆板的管理方法困扰着开发者。Google同样不胜其烦,终于推出了AndroidX。期望采用全新的包名和版本管理方法彻底解决这个困境。比如Support库各分支下Preference组件在AndroidX下的对应关系:
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使用也很方便,只需指定对应的包名和版本即可:
def preference_version = “1.1.1”
implementation “androidx.preference:preference:$preference_version”
AndroidX和Support库到底有无区别?
将最核心的Preference类进行对比,可以发现:除了格式、书写风格的差异以外,代码逻辑几乎完全一致。
AndroidX的构成:
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可以看到,实际上AndroidX在集成了Support库的以外,还涵盖了众多知名的Jetpack框架,这些框架实际上来源于2017年发布的Android Architecture Components(AAC)。
3.3 Jetpack 开发套件
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将Jetpack理解为一系列框架不够准确。实际上它是包含了框架、KTX、开发工具和开发向导的开发套件,期望在多个层面提升与Android开发的效率。
提供Android App开发的最佳实践
消除大量的样板代码,帮助开发者更轻松地编写优质应用
提供向后兼容性,在不同版本、不同配置的设备上提供一致性的开发体验
改变混乱的散碎的版本管理
和AndroidX到底啥关系?
Jetpack开发套件的源码管理在AndroidX内,包括之前的Support库,还有后来吸收的AAC库等等。简要绘制了一下Jetpack的演变图。
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非要总结下Jetpack和AndroidX关系的话,像fundroid大神描述的那样比较贴切。
AndroidX是对SDK以外API的内部管理包,Jetpack则是对外宣传的开发套件。
“AndroidX”的名字也很酷啊,那为什么不直接用它来进行宣传? 个人的一些理解:

“AndroidX”的命名过于抽象、不易理解,也没有特别的含义
“Jetpack”本意是喷气背包、助推器的意思,它更能传达助力开发效率腾飞的设计初衷,也易于理解和传颂。再搭配上Android Logo塑造一个火箭机器人的形象,非常有趣和具备辨识度。
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参考连接:
Jetpack介绍: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/334350927
谷歌亲儿子系列依赖包的发展里程(support->androidX->Jetpack):
https://www.jianshu.com/p/a674c6119f07

Executing tasks: [:app:assembleDebug] in project D:\TestProject\MyApplication > Task :app:createDebugVariantModel UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:preBuild UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:preDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:mergeDebugNativeDebugMetadata NO-SOURCE > Task :app:compileDebugAidl NO-SOURCE > Task :app:compileDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE > Task :app:generateDebugBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:javaPreCompileDebug UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:checkDebugAarMetadata UP-TO-DATE AGPBI: {"kind":"warning","text":"Your project has set `android.useAndroidX=true`, but configuration `:app:debugRuntimeClasspath` still contains legacy support libraries, which may cause runtime issues.\nThis behavior will not be allowed in Android Gradle plugin 8.0.\nPlease use only AndroidX dependencies or set `android.enableJetifier=true` in the `gradle.properties` file to migrate your project to AndroidX (see https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/migrate for more info).\nThe following legacy support libraries are detected:\n:app:debugRuntimeClasspath -> com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0\n:app:debugRuntimeClasspath -> com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0 -> com.android.support:support-annotations:28.0.0\n:app:debugRuntimeClasspath -> com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0 -> com.android.support:collections:28.0.0\n:app:debugRuntimeClasspath -> com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0 -> android.arch.lifecycle:runtime:1.1.1\n:app:debugRuntimeClasspath -> com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0 -> android.arch.lifecycle:runtime:1.1.1 -> android.arch.lifecycle:common:1.1.1\n:app:debugRuntimeClasspath -> com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0 -> android.arch.lifecycle:runtime:1.1.1 -> android.arch.core:common:1.1.1\n:app:debugRuntimeClasspath -> com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0 -> com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0","sources":[{}]} > Task :app:generateDebugResValues UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:mapDebugSourceSetPaths UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:generateDebugResources UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:mergeDebugResources UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:packageDebugResources UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:parseDebugLocalResources UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:createDebugCompatibleScreenManifests UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:extractDeepLinksDebug UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:processDebugMainManifest FAILED [androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1] C:\Users\wangsen\.gradle\caches\transforms-3\4b621581b14be943fef7e9025808a5ef\transformed\versionedparcelable-1.1.1\AndroidManifest.xml Warning: Namespace 'androidx.versionedparcelable' used in: androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1, com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0. D:\TestProject\MyApplication\app\src\main\AndroidManifest.xml:22:18-91 Error: Attribute application@appComponentFactory value=(android.support.v4.app.CoreComponentFactory) from [com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0] AndroidManifest.xml:22:18-91 is also present at [androidx.core:core:1.7.0] AndroidManifest.xml:24:18-86 value=(androidx.core.app.CoreComponentFactory). Suggestion: add 'tools:replace="android:appComponentFactory"' to <application> element at AndroidManifest.xml:7:5-25:19 to override. See https://developer.android.com/r/studio-ui/build/manifest-merger for more information about the manifest merger. > Task :app:mergeDebugShaders UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:compileDebugShaders NO-SOURCE > Task :app:generateDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:mergeDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:compressDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:processDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE > Task :app:desugarDebugFileDependencies UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:mergeDebugJniLibFolders UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:mergeDebugNativeLibs NO-SOURCE > Task :app:stripDebugDebugSymbols NO-SOURCE > Task :app:validateSigningDebug UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:writeDebugAppMetadata UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:writeDebugSigningConfigVersions UP-TO-DATE > Task :app:checkDebugDuplicateClasses FAILED > Task :app:mergeDebugJavaResource FAILED FAILURE: Build completed with 3 failures. 1: Task failed with an exception. ----------- * What went wrong: Execution failed for task ':app:processDebugMainManifest'. > Manifest merger failed with multiple errors, see logs * Try: > Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. > Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. > Run with --scan to get full insights. ============================================================================== 2: Task failed with an exception. ----------- * What went wrong: Execution failed for task ':app:checkDebugDuplicateClasses'. > A failure occurred while executing com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.CheckDuplicatesRunnable > Duplicate class android.support.v4.app.INotificationSideChannel found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.app.INotificationSideChannel$Stub found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.app.INotificationSideChannel$Stub$Proxy found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.graphics.drawable.IconCompatParcelizer found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.os.IResultReceiver found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.os.IResultReceiver$Stub found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.os.IResultReceiver$Stub$Proxy found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$1 found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$MyResultReceiver found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$MyRunnable found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.core.graphics.drawable.IconCompatParcelizer found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.core.internal.package-info found in modules core-1.7.0-runtime (androidx.core:core:1.7.0) and support-compat-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.CustomVersionedParcelable found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.NonParcelField found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.ParcelField found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.ParcelImpl found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.ParcelImpl$1 found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.ParcelUtils found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.VersionedParcel found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.VersionedParcel$1 found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.VersionedParcel$ParcelException found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.VersionedParcelParcel found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.VersionedParcelStream found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.VersionedParcelStream$FieldBuffer found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.VersionedParcelable found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Duplicate class androidx.versionedparcelable.VersionedParcelize found in modules versionedparcelable-1.1.1-runtime (androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.1.1) and versionedparcelable-28.0.0-runtime (com.android.support:versionedparcelable:28.0.0) Go to the documentation to learn how to <a href="d.android.com/r/tools/classpath-sync-errors">Fix dependency resolution errors</a>. * Try: > Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. > Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. > Run with --scan to get full insights. ============================================================================== 3: Task failed with an exception. ----------- * What went wrong: Execution failed for task ':app:mergeDebugJavaResource'. > A failure occurred while executing com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.MergeJavaResWorkAction > 2 files found with path 'META-INF/androidx.core_core.version' from inputs: - C:\Users\wangsen\.gradle\caches\transforms-3\0b22a6b07b3e498281e2fdb9d93c9c6b\transformed\support-compat-28.0.0\jars\classes.jar - C:\Users\wangsen\.gradle\caches\transforms-3\0212d0c0c0b99c5d00c15a82a811f4d1\transformed\core-1.7.0\jars\classes.jar Adding a packagingOptions block may help, please refer to https://developer.android.com/reference/tools/gradle-api/7.4/com/android/build/api/dsl/ResourcesPackagingOptions for more information * Try: > Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. > Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. > Run with --scan to get full insights. ============================================================================== * Get more help at https://help.gradle.org BUILD FAILED in 436ms 22 actionable tasks: 3 executed, 19 up-to-date
最新发布
07-10
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