linux architecture,Architecture

Oracle数据库由数据文件、控制文件和重做日志文件等关键组件构成。数据文件存储所有数据库数据和表、索引;控制文件包含数据库名称、数据文件位置及创建时间戳;重做日志文件记录所有数据更改,用于数据库恢复。此外,模式是数据库对象集合,包括表、视图和索引,它们可以在不同的表空间中分布,但与表空间无关。

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Physical Structures

Datafiles

Every Oracle database has one or more physical datafiles.

The datafiles contain all the database data. Tables and indexes are also stored in the datafiles.

Control FilesEvery Oracle database has a control file.

it contains Database name, Names and locations of datafiles and redo log files, Time stamp of database creation

Redo Log Files

Every Oracle database has a set of two or more redo log files. The primary function of the redo log is to record all changes made to data.

Overview of Schemas and Common Schema Objects

A schema is a collection of database objects. A schema is owned by a database user and has the same name as that user.

Schema objects  include structures like tables, views, and indexes. (There is no relationship between a tablespace and a schema. Objects in the same schema can be in different tablespaces, and a tablespace can hold objects from different schemas.)

Tables  are the basic unit of data storage in an Oracle database. Database tables hold all user-accessible data.

Indexes  are optional structures associated with tables. Indexes can be created to increase the performance of data retrieval.

Viewsare customized presentations of data in one or more tables or other views. A view can also be considered a stored query. Views do not actually contain data.

The primary function of views is that They hide data complexity and store complex queries.

Publisher: Wrox Page : 1371 This book discusses the concepts, structure, and implementation of the Linux kernel. In particular, the individual chapters cover the following topics: ❑ Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Linux kernel and describes the big picture that is investigated more closely in the following chapters. ❑ Chapter 2 talks about the basics of multitasking, scheduling, and process management, and investigates how these fundamental techniques and abstractions are implemented. ❑ Chapter 3 discusses how physical memory is managed. Both the interaction with hardware and the in-kernel distribution of RAM via the buddy system and the slab allocator are covered. ❑ Chapter 4 proceeds to describe how userland processes experience virtual memory, and the comprehensive data structures and actions required from the kernel to implement this view. ❑ Chapter 5 introduces the mechanisms required to ensure proper operation of the kernel on multiprocessor systems. Additionally, it covers the related question of how processes can communicate with each other. ❑ Chapter 6 walks you through the means for writing device drivers that are required to add support for new hardware to the kernel. ❑ Chapter 7 explains how modules allow for dynamically adding new functionality to the kernel. ❑ Chapter 8 discusses the virtual filesystem, a generic layer of the kernel that allows for supporting a wide range of different filesystems, both physical and virtual. ❑ Chapter 9 describes the extended filesystem family, that is, the Ext2 and Ext3 filesystems that are the standard workhorses of many Linux installations. ❑ Chapter 10 goes on to discuss procfs and sysfs, two filesystems that are not designed to store information, but to present meta-information about the kernel to userland. Additionally, a number of means to ease writing filesystems are presented. ❑ Chapter 11 shows how extended attributes and access control lists that can help to improve system security are implemented. ❑ Chapter 12 discusses the networking implementation of the kernel, with a specific focus on IPv4, TCP, UDP, and netfilter. ❑ Chapter 13 introduces how systems calls that are the standard way to request a kernel action from userland are implemented. ❑ Chapter 14 analyzes how kernel activities are triggered with interrupts, and presents means of deferring work to a later point in time. ❑ Chapter 15 shows how the kernel handles all time-related requirements, both with low and high resolution. ❑ Chapter 16 talks about speeding up kernel operations with the help of the page and buffer caches. ❑ Chapter 17 discusses how cached data in memory are synchronized with their sources on persistent storage devices. ❑ Chapter 18 introduces how page reclaim and swapping work.
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