iOS 网络请求

NSURLSession

1. 使用步骤
   • 创建NSURLSession的会话
   • 根据会话创建Task
   • 执行Task
2. Task的类型
   • NSURLSessionTask：是一个抽象类，不能直接使用
   • NSURLSessionDataTask：请求与数据相关，可以直接使用
   • NSURLSessionDownloadTask：与下载相关，可以直接使用
   • NSURLSessionUploadTask：与上传相关，可以直接使用

具体代码

需求是在用户进行输入的时候产生联想效果，所以对textfiled进行了监听

@interface SearchViewController ()<UITextFieldDelegate, UITableViewDataSource, UITableViewDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate>//设置协议
//接收服务器返回的数据
@property(nonatomic, strong)NSMutableData *data;
@end

@implementation SearchViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    UIImage *background = [UIImage imageNamed:@"背景.JPG"];
    self.view.layer.contents = (id)background.CGImage;
    
    //设置TextField
    _searchTextField = [[UITextField alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(25, 50, 330, 40)];
    [self.view addSubview:_searchTextField];
    _searchTextField.placeholder = @"请输入城市信息";
    _searchTextField.delegate = self;
    [_searchTextField setBorderStyle:UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect];
    _searchTextField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeDefault;
    _searchTextField.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    
    //初始化数组
    if (_cityArray == nil) {
        _cityArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    }
    if(_numArray == nil){
        _numArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    }
}
//监听textField
- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string {
    if(string != nil && _searchTextField.text != NULL){
        NSString * str = [_searchTextField.text stringByAppendingString:string];
        //网络请求
        [self creatUrl:str];
    }
    _cityArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    _numArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    //显示文本内容
    return YES;
}

-(void)creatUrl:(NSString *)str{
	//地址
    NSString *strName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"https://geoapi.heweather.net/v2/city/lookup?location=%@&key=fbd7d8d089284f159aeeec08fd63985f", str];
    
    //中文空格字符编码/解码
    strName = [strName stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:[NSCharacterSet URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet]];
    
    //设置请求的地址
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:strName];
    
    //封装一个请求类
    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
    
    //1.创建Session会话
    NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration] delegate:self delegateQueue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]];
    
    //2.根据会话创建任务
    NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
    
    //3.启动任务
    [dataTask resume];
        
}

//接收到服务器的响应
-(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveResponse:(nonnull NSURLResponse *)response completionHandler:(nonnull void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition))completionHandler{
 	//拼接返回的数据
 	//从未使用时初始化data
    if(self.data == nil){
        self.data = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    }
    //如果之前有数据，则清空 
    else {
        self.data.length = 0;
    }
    //允许接收数据
    completionHandler(NSURLSessionResponseAllow);
    /*
    SURLSessionResponseCancel = 0, 默认 请求后不接收服务器的数据                  
    NSURLSessionResponseAllow = 1, 允许接收服务器数据   
    NSURLSessionResponseBecomeDownload = 2, 专成下载任务
    NSURLSessionResponseBecomeStream 专成流
    */
}

//接收到数据时调用，会被调用多次
-(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveData:(NSData *)data{
  	//拼接数据
    [self.data appendData:data];
}

//数据请求完成 或请求出现错误时调用
-(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error{
	//请求成功
    if (error == nil) {
   		//解析数据
        NSDictionary *oneDictionary = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:self.data options:kNilOptions error:nil];
        _cityArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
        _numArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
        NSArray *timeArray = [[NSArray alloc]init];
        //对需要用到的数据进行赋值
        timeArray = oneDictionary[@"location"];
        for (int i = 0; i < timeArray.count; i++) {
            NSString * str = oneDictionary[@"location"][i][@"name"];
            NSString * numberStr = oneDictionary[@"location"][i][@"id"];
            [_cityArray addObject:str];
            [_numArray addObject:numberStr];
        }
    }
    //回归到主线程（要进行UI操作）
    [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
        [self->_tableView reloadData];
    }];
}

第一次学习网络请求，了解的还不够深入，如果有不正确的地方，欢迎纠正