Docker 安装 MySQL8

1. 拉取镜像并启动容器

# 拉取镜像
docker pull mysql:8.0.23

# 启动容器
docker run -d \
  --name mysql8 \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  mysql:8.0.23

2. 挂载容器配置文件

# 创建文件目录
mkdir -p /home/mysql/data
mkdir -p /home/mysql/config
mkdir -p /home/mysql-files

# 设置文件目录权限
sudo chmod -R 777 /home/mysql
 
# 复制容器配置文件
docker cp mysql8:/etc/mysql/my.cnf /home/mysql/config

# 停止并删除容器
docker stop mysql8
docker rm mysql8

3. 设置MySQL常见配置

vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]
# 基础设置
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# 字符集与排序规则
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci

# 性能优化
# 建议为物理内存的 50%-70%
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 20G

# 其他
sql_mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
tmp_table_size = 64M
max_heap_table_size = 64M

# 客户端设置
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

# MySQL 客户端工具设置
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

3. 运行 MySQL 容器

docker run -d \
  --name mysql8 \
  -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
  -v /home/mysql/config/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf \
  -v /home/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  mysql:8.0.23

4. 连接 MySQL

# 登录MySQL
docker exec -it mysql8 mysql -u root -p root

# 创建非root账号使用
CREATE USER 'username'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
# 赋予所以权限并允许任何ip链接
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'username'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
# 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;