虚拟地址空间（Virtual Address Space, VAS）

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-25 16:31:50 发布
最新推荐文章于 2025-07-25 16:31:50 发布
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虚拟地址空间（Virtual Address Space, VAS）

虚拟地址空间是计算机系统中的一个关键概念，尤其在操作系统和虚拟化技术中。它允许应用程序和操作系统以抽象的方式管理和使用内存资源，从而提供内存隔离和保护机制。以下是对虚拟地址空间的详细介绍。

定义

虚拟地址空间是操作系统为每个进程分配的一组逻辑地址，这些地址与物理内存地址分离。每个进程都有自己独立的虚拟地址空间，这样可以防止进程之间的内存操作互相干扰，提高系统的稳定性和安全性。

主要特点

  1. 隔离性：

    • 每个进程拥有独立的虚拟地址空间，防止一个进程的内存操作影响其他进程。
    • 提供了进程间的内存保护，提高系统的安全性。

  2. 灵活性：

    • 操作系统可以将虚拟地址映射到任何物理内存地址，使内存管理更加灵活。
    • 支持虚拟内存机制，通过页表（page table）将虚拟地址转换为物理地址。

  3. 扩展性：

    • 虚拟地址空间的大小可以超过实际的物理内存大小。通过分页（paging）和换页（swapping）技术，操作系统可以在物理内存不足时将部分数据存储在硬盘上。

工作原理

  1. 地址映射：

    • 操作系统维护一个页表，记录虚拟地址到物理地址的映射关系。当进程访问虚拟地址时，操作系统通过查找页表将其转换为相应的物理地址。
    • 页表的每一项都包含虚拟页号（virtual page number）和对应的物理帧
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[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x410fd034] [ 0.000000] Linux version 5.15.36-xilinx-v2022.2 (oe-user@oe-host) (aarch64-xilinx-linux-gcc (GCC) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.37.20210721) #1 SMP Mon Oct 3 07:50:07 UTC 2022 [ 0.000000] Machine model: xlnx,zynqmp [ 0.000000] earlycon: cdns0 at MMIO 0x00000000ff000000 (options '115200n8') [ 0.000000] printk: bootconsole [cdns0] enabled [ 0.000000] efi: UEFI not found. [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x00000000ffffffff] [ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000097fffffff] [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000007fefffff] [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000800000000-0x000000097fffffff] [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000097fffffff] [ 0.000000] On node 0, zone Normal: 256 pages in unavailable ranges [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 256 MiB at 0x000000006b800000 [ 0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT. [ 0.000000] psci: PSCIv1.1 detected in firmware. [ 0.000000] psci: Using standard PSCI v0.2 function IDs [ 0.000000] psci: MIGRATE_INFO_TYPE not supported. [ 0.000000] psci: SMC Calling Convention v1.2 [ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 18 pages/cpu s34776 r8192 d30760 u73728 [ 0.000000] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU0 [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM erratum 845719 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 2064132 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlycon console=ttyPS0,115200 clk_ignore_unused root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes, linear) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes, linear) [ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00007fc00000 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000047 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x07: level 3 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000047 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 1 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00007fc00000] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8008 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8008] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Mem abort info: [ 0.000000] ESR = 0x96000006 [ 0.000000] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 0.000000] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 0.000000] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 0.000000] FSC = 0x06: level 2 translation fault [ 0.000000] Data abort info: [ 0.000000] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006 [ 0.000000] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 0.000000] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001378000 [ 0.000000] [ffff00097fff8128] pgd=180000097fff8003, p4d=180000097fff8003 [ 0.000000] Insufficient stack space to handle exception! [ 0.000000] ESR: 0x96000006 -- DABT (current EL) [ 0.000000] FAR: 0xffff00097fff8128 [ 0.000000] Task stack: [0xffff8000093a0000..0xffff8000093a4000] [ 0.000000] IRQ stack: [0x0000000000000000..0x0000000000004000] [ 0.000000] Overflow stack: [0xffff00097ef6c2b0..0xffff00097ef6d2b0] [ 0.000000] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 5.15.36-xilinx-v2022.2 #1 [ 0.000000] Hardware name: xlnx,zynqmp (DT) [ 0.000000] pstate: 600000c5 (nZCv daIF -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 0.000000] pc : show_pte+0x18c/0x238 [ 0.000000] lr : show_pte+0x15c/0x238 [ 0.000000] sp : ffff8000093a0020 [ 0.000000] x29: ffff8000093a0020 x28: ffff8000093b4e80 x27: 000000007fc8d978 [ 0.000000] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff00097efb6f80 [ 0.000000] x23: ffff800009107000 x22: ffff800009178000 x21: 0000000000000128 [ 0.000000] x20: ffff00097fff8000 x19: ffff00097fff8128 x18: ffffffffffffffff [ 0.000000] x17: 3030666666662073 x16: 736572646461206c x15: ffff8000094a7030 [ 0.000000] x14: 0000000000000010 x13: ffff8000093c6128 x12: 00000000000003ba [ 0.000000] x11: 000000000000013e x10: ffff8000093c6128 x9 : ffff8000093c6128 [ 0.000000] x8 : 00000000fffff7ff x7 : ffff8000093f2128 x6 : ffff8000093f2128 [ 0.000000] x5 : 0000000000005ff4 x4 : 40000000fffff93e x3 : 0000000000000000 [ 0.000000] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff8000090037e8 [ 0.000000] Kernel panic - not syncing: kernel stack overflow zynqmp板卡内核打印这个错误如何解决
07-03
`（占8KB栈空间）。修改为动态分配：```c//原代码voidfoo(){char buffer[8192];//危险！}//修改后void foo() {char*buffer= kmalloc(8192, GFP_KERNEL);//使用buffer...kfree(buffer);}```###3.**启用栈保护机制...
VAS5054补丁安装指南：解决连接故障
VAS5054补丁是专门用于解决VAS 5054汽车诊断设备在与汽车通信时出现的连接问题。VAS 5054是大众汽车集团（包括奥迪、大众、斯柯达等品牌）的一款常见的诊断工具，广泛应用于汽车维修和故障检测。当遇到VAS 5054无法...
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