Python 不同类型的值中包含的属性

不同类型的值中包含的属性

查看类型

inta = 12
print(type(inta))
#<class 'int'>
stra = ""
print(type(stra))
#<class 'str'>
lista = []
print(type(lista))
#<class 'list'>
tupa = ()
print(type(tupa))
#<class 'tuple'>
dicta = {}
print(type(dicta))
#<class 'dict'>

查看不同类型的属性dir

• 查看方式

  inta = 12
  print(dir(inta))
  stra = ""
  print(dir(stra))
  lista = []
  print(dir(lista))
  tupa = ()
  print(dir(tupa))
  dicta = {}
  print(dir(dicta))
  

属性举例

如数字类型的属性如下
['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__bool__', '__ceil__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floor__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__getstate__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__index__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__le__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'as_integer_ratio', 'bit_count', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'from_bytes', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real', 'to_bytes']

• 可以使用help()查看属性的用法

  print(help(stra.upper))
  #去掉属性的括号
  

属性使用：在不同类型的变量后加**.<属性>**

• 查看描述.__doc__

  stra = "asd"
  print(stra.__doc__)  #前后双下划线
  #运行结果
  """
  str(object='') -> str
  str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
  
  Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
  errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
  that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
  Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
  or repr(object).
  encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
  errors defaults to 'strict'.
  """
  

• 查看位长度.bit_length

  inta = 12
  print(bin(inta))     #输出0b1100，bin将括号内的转成二进制(0b)
  print(inta.bit_length())  #输出4（位）
  

• 大小写

  .lower()小写（str）

  .upper()大写（str）

  stra = "Python"
  print(stra.lower())   #输出python
  print(stra.upper())   #输出PYTHON
  

• 切割字符串.split()

  stra = "Python"
  print(help(stra.split))
  print(stra.split("t"))   #以t为分隔符，输出['Py', 'hon']
  

  stra = "Python"
  n = stra.split("t")
  print(type(n))
  #输出结果为<class 'list'>可见分割后的类型为列表
  

• 输出列表/元组的索引值

  list = ["a" , "b" , "c"]
  print(list.index("b"))
  #输出结果为1
  

• 列表后追加元素

  <list>.append()

  list = ["a" , 3]
  list.append("b")
  list.append(6)
  print(list)
  #输出结果 ['a', 3, 'b', 6]
  

  元组不可追加，元组中的值不可改变

• 仅列出字典中的键或值

  dicta = {"tom" : "123" , "lisa" : "456" , "john" : "789"}
  print(dicta.keys())
  print(dicta.values())
  #输出结果
  #dict_keys(['tom', 'lisa', 'john'])
  #dict_values(['123', '456', '789'])