JAVAWeb实战（后端篇）

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已于 2024-07-27 20:00:27 修改 · 3.1k 阅读

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#数据库

于 2024-07-26 23:28:29 首次发布

因为前后端代码内容过多，这篇只写后端的代码，前端的在另一篇写

项目实战一：

1.创建数据库,表等数据

创建数据库

create database schedule_system

创建表，并添加内容

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;


-- ----------------------------
-- 创建日程表
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_schedule`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_schedule`  (
  `sid` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `uid` int NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `title` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `completed` int(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- 插入日程数据
-- ----------------------------

-- ----------------------------
-- 创建用户表
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user`  (
  `uid` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `user_pwd` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- 插入用户数据
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `sys_user` VALUES (1, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e');
INSERT INTO `sys_user` VALUES (2, 'lisi', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

2.创建项目并导入一些需要的jar包

2.1项目结构

2.2导入依赖

 <!--servlet项目所需依赖-->
        <!--
          druid 连接池
          json的一些依赖
          jackson-annotations
          jackson-core
          jackson-databind
          lombok              简化实体类
          mysql-connector     数据库驱动
           jakarta.servlet-api  servlet需要的
          -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.23</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.34</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.33</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

2.3创建jdbc.properties文件

jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql:///schedule_system
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

3.创建实体类

因为我数据库两个表名分别叫sys_schedule和sys_user

所以为了方便起见我的实体表为：SysSchedule和SysUser

属性名称要和数据库表的字段名称最好保持一致

如果数据库表字段名称式驼峰式的比如 sys_id 实体表属性可以设置为 sysId

将下划线后的那个字母设置为大写

SysUser实体类


/*
* 1 实体类的类名和表格名称应该对应  (对应不是一致)
* 2 实体类的属性名和表格的列名应该对应
* 3 每个属性都必须是私有的
* 4 每个属性都应该具备 getter setter
* 5 必须具备无参构造器
* 6 应该实现序列化接口( 缓存  分布式项目数据传递 可能会将对象序列化 )
* 7 应该重写类的hashcode和equals方法
* 8 toString是否重写都可以
*
*
* 使用lombok帮助我们生成这些内容 getter setter  全参构造 无参构造 equals  hashcode
*   lombok使用步骤
*       1 检查idea是否已经安装了lombok插件
*       2 检查是否勾选了 enable  annotation processing
*       3 导入lombok的依赖
*
*
* */

@AllArgsConstructor // 添加了全参构造
@NoArgsConstructor  // 添加了无参构造
@Data //getter setter   equals  hashcode toString
public class SysUser implements Serializable {
    private Integer uid;
    private String username;
    private String userPwd;

}

SysSchedule实体类

@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class SysSchedule implements Serializable {
    private Integer sid;
    private Integer uid;
    private  String title;
    private Integer completed;
}

4.创建全局统一json响应格式

4.1 创建一个枚举类（里面设置一些响应码和响应消息）

public enum ResultCodeEnum {
    SUCCESS(200,"success"),
    USERNAEM_ERROR(501,"usernameError"),
    PASSWORD_ERROR(503,"passwordError"),
    NOTLOGIN(504,"notlogin"),
    USERNAME_USED(505,"usernameUsed");



    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private ResultCodeEnum(Integer code ,String message){
        this.code= code;
        this.message = message;

    }

    public Integer getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
}

4.2创建全局统一json响应格式类

package org.example.common;

//全局统一响应的JSON格式处理类
public class Result <T>{   //因为不确定返回消息是什么类型 ，所以这里声明了<T>
    // 返回码
    private Integer code;
    // 返回消息
    private String message;
    // 返回数据
    private T data;
    public Result(){}
    // 返回数据
    protected static <T> Result<T> build(T data) {   //将data添加进去
        Result<T> result = new Result<T>();
        if (data != null)
            result.setData(data);
        return result;            //返回一个result对象
    }
    public static <T> Result<T> build(T body, Integer code, String message) { //
        Result<T> result = build(body);  // 创建一个result对象，并添加data对象
        result.setCode(code);
        result.setMessage(message);
        return result;
    }
    public static <T> Result<T> build(T body, ResultCodeEnum resultCodeEnum) {
        Result<T> result = build(body);       //创建result对象并添加data数据
        result.setCode(resultCodeEnum.getCode());  //给响应码添加枚举类中的数据
        result.setMessage(resultCodeEnum.getMessage()); //给响应消息添加枚举类中的数据
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * 操作成功
     * @param data  baseCategory1List
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static<T> Result<T> ok(T data){          //返回一个result对象，这是一个操作成功的数据，如果操作成功就执行它
        Result<T> result = build(data);    //创建result对象并添加data数据
        return build(data, ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS); //调用上面的方法，将枚举类中的ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS赋值给响应码和响应消息并返回result
    }
    public Result<T> message(String msg){          
        this.setMessage(msg);
        return this;
    }
    public Result<T> code(Integer code){     
        this.setCode(code);
        return this;
    }
    public Integer getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public void setCode(Integer code) {
        this.code = code;
    }
    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
    public T getData() {
        return data;
    }
    public void setData(T data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
}

5.设置一些工具类

5.1MD5加密（固定格式需要的时候复制一下）

public class MD5Util {
    public static String encrypt(String strSrc) {
        try {
            char hexChars[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8',
                    '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };
            byte[] bytes = strSrc.getBytes();  //使用平台的默认字符集将此 String 编码为 byte 序列，并 将结果存储到一个新的 byte 数组中。
            MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            md.update(bytes);
            bytes = md.digest();
            int j = bytes.length;
            char[] chars = new char[j * 2];
            int k = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
                byte b = bytes[i];
                chars[k++] = hexChars[b >>> 4 & 0xf];
                chars[k++] = hexChars[b & 0xf];
            }
            return new String(chars);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException("MD5加密出错");
        }

    }

}

5.2 创建导入jdbc.properties和生成Connection对象的工具类(需要的时候复制就可以)

package org.example.util;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCUtil {
    private static ThreadLocal<Connection> threadLocal =new ThreadLocal<>();
    private static DataSource dataSource;
    // 初始化连接池
    static{
        // 可以帮助我们读取.properties配置文件
        Properties properties =new Properties();
        InputStream resourceAsStream = JDBCUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
        try {
            properties.load(resourceAsStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

        try {
            dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }


    }
    /*1 向外提供连接池的方法*/
    public static DataSource getDataSource(){
        return dataSource;
    }

    /*2 向外提供连接的方法*/
    public static Connection getConnection(){
        Connection connection = threadLocal.get();
        if (null == connection) {
            try {
                connection = dataSource.getConnection();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            threadLocal.set(connection);
        }

        return connection;
    }


    /*定义一个归还连接的方法 (解除和ThreadLocal之间的关联关系) */
    public static void releaseConnection(){
        Connection connection = threadLocal.get();
        if (null != connection) {
            threadLocal.remove();
            // 把连接设置回自动提交的连接
            try {
                connection.setAutoCommit(true);
                // 自动归还到连接池
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

5.3创建WEBUtil工具类(需要的时候复制就可以，用来转化json和将json响应出去的)

package org.example.util;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.example.common.Result;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

public class WebUtil {
    private static ObjectMapper objectMapper;
    // 初始化objectMapper
    static{
        objectMapper=new ObjectMapper();
        // 设置JSON和Object转换时的时间日期格式
        objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
    }
    // 从请求中获取JSON串并转换为Object
    public static <T> T readJson(HttpServletRequest request, Class<T> clazz){
        T t =null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            reader = request.getReader();
            StringBuffer buffer =new StringBuffer();
            String line =null;
            while((line = reader.readLine())!= null){
                buffer.append(line);
            }

            t= objectMapper.readValue(buffer.toString(),clazz);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return t;
    }
    // 将Result对象转换成JSON串并放入响应对象
    public static void writeJson(HttpServletResponse response, Result result){
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        tr