蓝桥杯单片机第八届省赛编程题(深夜学习——单片机)

一、题目分析:

  1. 初始化需要的外设:

数码管,DS18B20,DS1302,LED,独立按键,定时器

  1. 根据按键功能建立初步的模式雏形:

二、参考代码:

  1. 主函数:

#include "Public.h"
#include "Timer.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "Seg.h"
#include "onewire.h"
#include "ds1302.h"

#define timer_show 1
#define timer_set 2
#define clock_set 3
#define temper_show 4
//定时器
u8 key_delay,led_delay;
u16 seg_delay;
//数码管
u8 COT[9],COD[8],PSI;
//DS1302,时分秒
u8 s_time[3]={23,59,50},r_time[3];
//
u8 mode=1,clock_show;
u8 high_limit[3]={24,60,60};
u8 count_500ms;
u16 count_ms;
u8 l_dat;
//时钟设置模式
u8 timer_mode=1;
//闹钟设置模式
u8 clock_mode=1,c_time[3];

void Key_Proc();
void SEG_Kroc();
void LED_Proc();
void main()
{
    All_Close();
    Timer0_Init();
    DS1302_Set(s_time);
    rd_temperature();
    while(1)
    {
        Key_Proc();
        SEG_Kroc();
        LED_Proc();
    }
}

void Key_Proc()
{
    u8 key_now,key_down,key_up;
    static u8 key_old;
    
    if(key_delay)return;
    key_delay = 1;
    
    key_now = M_key();
    key_down = key_now & (key_now ^ key_old);
    key_up = (~key_now) & (key_now ^ key_old);
    key_old = key_now;
    
    //时钟显示模式
    if(mode == timer_show)
    {
        if(key_down == 7)
            mode = timer_set;
        else if(key_down == 6)
            mode = clock_set;
        else if(key_down == 4)
            mode = temper_show;
    }
    //温度显示模式
    else if(mode == temper_show)
    {
        if(key_up == 4)
            mode = timer_show;
    }
    //时钟设置模式
    else if(mode == timer_set)
    {
        if(key_down == 7)
        {
            if(++timer_mode == 4)
            {
                timer_mode = 1;
                mode = timer_show;
                DS1302_Set(s_time);
                count_500ms = 0;
            }
        }
        else if(key_down == 5)
        {
            switch(timer_mode)
            {
                case 1:s_time[0]++;break;
                case 2:s_time[1]++;break;
                case 3:s_time[2]++;break;
            }
            if(s_time[timer_mode-1] == high_limit[timer_mode-1])
                s_time[timer_mode-1] = 0;
        }
        else if(key_down == 4)
        {
            switch(timer_mode)
            {
                case 1:s_time[0]--;break;
                case 2:s_time[1]--;break;
                case 3:s_time[2]--;break;
            }
            if(s_time[timer_mode-1] == 255)
                s_time[timer_mode-1] = high_limit[timer_mode-1]-1;
        }
    }
    //闹钟设置模式
    else if(mode == clock_set)
    {
        if(key_down == 6)
            if(++clock_mode == 4)
            {
                clock_mode = 1;
                mode = timer_show;
            }
        if(key_down == 5)
        {
            switch(clock_mode)
            {
                case 1:c_time[0]++;break;
                case 2:c_time[1]++;break;
                case 3:c_time[2]++;break;
            }
            if(c_time[clock_mode-1] == high_limit[clock_mode-1])
                c_time[clock_mode-1] = 0;
        }
        if(key_down == 4)
        {
            switch(clock_mode)
            {
                case 1:c_time[0]--;break;
                case 2:c_time[1]--;break;
                case 3:c_time[2]--;break;
            }
            if(c_time[clock_mode-1] == 255)
                c_time[clock_mode-1] = high_limit[clock_mode-1]-1;
        }
    }
    if(clock_show)
    {
        if(key_down)
        {
            clock_show = 0;
            l_dat = 0x00;
        }
    }
}
void SEG_Kroc()
{
    u8 show_num;
    if(seg_delay)return;
    seg_delay = 1;
    
    //时钟显示模式
    if(mode == timer_show)
    {
        DS1302_Read(r_time);
        sprintf(COT,"%02u-%02u-%02u",(u16)r_time[0],(u16)r_time[1],(u16)r_time[2]);
        if((r_time[0] == c_time[0]) && (r_time[1] == c_time[1]) && (r_time[2] == c_time[2]))
            clock_show = 1;
    }
    //温度显示模式
    else if(mode == temper_show)
    {
        show_num = rd_temperature()>>4;
        sprintf(COT,"     %2uC",(u16)show_num);
    }
    //时钟设置模式
    else if(mode == timer_set)
    {
        if(count_500ms == 5)
            count_500ms = 0;
        count_500ms++;
        if(count_500ms == 1)
            sprintf(COT,"%02u-%02u-%02u",(u16)s_time[0],(u16)s_time[1],(u16)s_time[2]);
      else if(count_500ms == 3)
        {
            switch(timer_mode)
            {
                case 1:sprintf(COT,"  -%02u-%02u",(u16)s_time[1],(u16)s_time[2]);break;
                case 2:sprintf(COT,"%02u-  -%02u",(u16)s_time[0],(u16)s_time[2]);break;
                case 3:sprintf(COT,"%02u-%02u-  ",(u16)s_time[0],(u16)s_time[1]);break;
            }
        }
    }
    //闹钟设置模式
    else if(mode == clock_set)
    {
        if(count_500ms == 5)
            count_500ms = 0;
        count_500ms++;
        if(count_500ms == 1)
            sprintf(COT,"%02u-%02u-%02u",(u16)c_time[0],(u16)c_time[1],(u16)c_time[2]);
      else if(count_500ms == 3)
        {
            switch(clock_mode)
            {
                case 1:sprintf(COT,"  -%02u-%02u",(u16)c_time[1],(u16)c_time[2]);break;
                case 2:sprintf(COT,"%02u-  -%02u",(u16)c_time[0],(u16)c_time[2]);break;
                case 3:sprintf(COT,"%02u-%02u-  ",(u16)c_time[0],(u16)c_time[1]);break;
            }
        }
    }

    SEG_TSL(COT,COD);
    

}
    
void LED_Proc()
{
    if(led_delay)return;
    led_delay = 1;
    if(clock_show)
    {
        if(count_ms % 200 == 0)
        {
            l_dat ^= 0x01;
            if(count_ms == 5000)
            {
                count_ms = 0;
                clock_show = 0;
                l_dat = 0x00;
            }
        }
    }
}
void Timer0_Isr(void) interrupt 1
{
    count_ms++;
    led_delay = 0;
    if(++key_delay == 10)key_delay = 0;
    if(++seg_delay == 500)seg_delay = 0;
    
    SEG_Show(COD[PSI],PSI);
    if(++PSI == 8)PSI = 0;

    LED_Set(l_dat);
}
  1. 公共函数:

#ifndef PUBLIC_H
#define PUBLIC_H
#include <STC15F2K60S2.H>

#define u8 unsigned char
#define u16 unsigned int    
    
void All_Close();
void LED_Set(u8 l_dat);
u8 M_key();
void Select(u8 s_dat,u8 cs);
#endif

#include "Public.h"

/*
    选择工作的锁存器
*/
void Select(u8 s_dat,u8 cs)
{
    P0 = s_dat;
    P2 = P2 & 0x1f | (cs<<5);
    P2 &= 0x1f;
}


/*
    关闭无关设备
*/
void All_Close()
{
    //关闭蜂鸣器和继电器
    Select(0x00,5);
    //关闭LED
    Select(0xff,4);
}

/*
    根据输入的八位数亮灯,1为亮灯
*/
void LED_Set(u8 l_dat)
{
    Select(~l_dat,4);
}

/*
    独立按键按键检测
*/
u8 M_key()
{
    u8 i;
    for(i=0;i<4;i++)
    {
        if(!(P3 & (0x08>>i)))
            return i+4;
    }
    return 0;
}
  1. 定时器:

#ifndef TIMER_H
#define TIMER_H

#include "Public.h"

void Timer0_Init(void);


#endif
#include "Timer.h"

void Timer0_Init(void)        //1毫秒@12MHz
{
    AUXR |= 0x80;            //定时器时钟1T模式
    TMOD &= 0xF0;            //设置定时器模式
    TL0 = 0x20;                //设置定时初始值
    TH0 = 0xD1;                //设置定时初始值
    TF0 = 0;                //清除TF0标志
    TR0 = 1;                //定时器0开始计时
    ET0 = 1;                //使能定时器0中断
    EA  = 1;
}
  1. 数码管:

#ifndef SEG_H
#define SEG_H

#include "Public.h"

void SEG_TSL(u8 *input,u8 *output);
void SEG_Show(u8 COD,u8 PSI);

#endif
#include "Seg.h"

code unsigned char Seg_Table[] = 
{
0xc0, //0
0xf9, //1
0xa4, //2
0xb0, //3
0x99, //4
0x92, //5
0x82, //6
0xf8, //7
0x80, //8
0x90, //9
0x88, //A
0x83, //b
0xc6, //C
0xa1, //d
0x86, //E
0x8e //F
};

/*
    将字符串转化成数码管代码
*/
void SEG_TSL(u8 *input,u8 *output)
{
    u8 i;
    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
    {
        switch(input[i])
        {
            case '0':output[i] = Seg_Table[0];break;
            case '1':output[i] = Seg_Table[1];break;
            case '2':output[i] = Seg_Table[2];break;
            case '3':output[i] = Seg_Table[3];break;
            case '4':output[i] = Seg_Table[4];break;
            case '5':output[i] = Seg_Table[5];break;
            case '6':output[i] = Seg_Table[6];break;
            case '7':output[i] = Seg_Table[7];break;
            case '8':output[i] = Seg_Table[8];break;
            case '9':output[i] = Seg_Table[9];break;
            case 'C':output[i] = Seg_Table[12];break;
            case '-':output[i] = ~0x40;break;
            default:output[i] = 0xff;
        }
    }
}
/*
    数码管显示函数
*/
void SEG_Show(u8 COD,u8 PSI)
{
    //消隐
    Select(0xff,7);
    //位选
    Select(0x01<<PSI,6);
    //段选
    Select(COD,7);    
}
  1. DS1302:

#ifndef __DS1302_H
#define __DS1302_H

#include "Public.h"
#include <intrins.h>

sbit SCK = P1^7;        
sbit SDA = P2^3;        
sbit RST = P1^3; 

void Write_Ds1302(unsigned char temp);
void Write_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address,unsigned char dat );
unsigned char Read_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address );
void DS1302_Set(u8 *s_time);
void DS1302_Read(u8 *r_time);
#endif
#include "ds1302.h"                                      

//
void Write_Ds1302(unsigned  char temp) 
{
    unsigned char i;
    for (i=0;i<8;i++)         
    { 
        SCK = 0;
        SDA = temp&0x01;
        temp>>=1; 
        SCK=1;
    }
}   

//
void Write_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address,unsigned char dat )     
{
     RST=0;    _nop_();
     SCK=0;    _nop_();
     RST=1;     _nop_();  
     Write_Ds1302(address);    
     Write_Ds1302(dat);        
     RST=0; 
}

//
unsigned char Read_Ds1302_Byte ( unsigned char address )
{
     unsigned char i,temp=0x00;
     RST=0;    _nop_();
     SCK=0;    _nop_();
     RST=1;    _nop_();
     Write_Ds1302(address);
     for (i=0;i<8;i++)     
     {        
        SCK=0;
        temp>>=1;    
         if(SDA)
         temp|=0x80;    
         SCK=1;
    } 
     RST=0;    _nop_();
     SCK=0;    _nop_();
    SCK=1;    _nop_();
    SDA=0;    _nop_();
    SDA=1;    _nop_();
    return (temp);            
}

/*
    设置初始的时分秒
*/
void DS1302_Set(u8 *s_time)
{
    u8 i,s_temp[3];
    //处理数据
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        s_temp[i] = ((s_time[i]/10)<<4) | (s_time[i]%10);
    }
    //关闭写保护
    Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x8e,0x00);
    //发送数据
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x84-i*2,s_temp[i]);
    }
    //开启写保护
    Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x8e,0x80);
}

/*
    读取时分秒
*/
void DS1302_Read(u8 *r_time)
{
    u8 i;
    //接收数据
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        r_time[i] = Read_Ds1302_Byte(0x85-i*2);
    }
    //处理数据
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        r_time[i] = ((r_time[i]>>4)*10) + (r_time[i]&0x0f);
    }
}
  1. DS18B20:

#ifndef __ONEWIRE_H
#define __ONEWIRE_H

#include "Public.h"
#include "intrins.h"
sbit DQ = P1^4;  

unsigned int rd_temperature(void);

#endif
#include "onewire.h"

//
void Delay_OneWire(unsigned int t)  
{
    u8 i;
    while(t--)
        for(i=0;i<10;i++);
}

//
void Write_DS18B20(unsigned char dat)
{
    unsigned char i;
    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
    {
        DQ = 0;
        DQ = dat&0x01;
        Delay_OneWire(5);
        DQ = 1;
        dat >>= 1;
    }
    Delay_OneWire(5);
}

//
unsigned char Read_DS18B20(void)
{
    unsigned char i;
    unsigned char dat;
  
    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
    {
        DQ = 0;
        dat >>= 1;
        DQ = 1;
        if(DQ)
        {
            dat |= 0x80;
        }        
        Delay_OneWire(5);
    }
    return dat;
}

//
bit init_ds18b20(void)
{
      bit initflag = 0;
      
      DQ = 1;
      Delay_OneWire(12);
      DQ = 0;
      Delay_OneWire(80);
      DQ = 1;
      Delay_OneWire(10); 
    initflag = DQ;     
      Delay_OneWire(5);
  
      return initflag;
}
void Delay100ms()        //@12MHz
{
    unsigned char i, j, k;

    _nop_();
    _nop_();
    i = 5;
    j = 144;
    k = 71;
    do
    {
        do
        {
            while (--k);
        } while (--j);
    } while (--i);
}

unsigned int rd_temperature(void)
{
    u8 LSB,MSB;

    //温度转化
    init_ds18b20();
    Write_DS18B20(0xcc);
    Write_DS18B20(0x44);
    
    //读取温度
    init_ds18b20();
    Write_DS18B20(0xcc);
    Write_DS18B20(0xbe);
    LSB = Read_DS18B20();
    MSB = Read_DS18B20();
    
    return (MSB<<8) | LSB;
}    

三、收获:

  1. 建立其他模块文件时,记得在左边的Poject栏中引用该文件

  1. 烧录时记得设置内部晶振频率为12MHZ

  1. 使用onewire文件时记得修改时序

  1. DS18B20传输数据是低位先行

  1. 读取到的DS1302数据记得进行处理

  1. DS1302写入数据记得关闭写保护

  1. 因为每按一次模式是不会突变的,所以不同的模式之间最好用else if间隔开,实现完全独立

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