本文详细解析了Android Settings应用主界面的加载流程，从AndroidManifest.xml的targetActivity属性指向SettingsHomepageActivity开始，深入到SettingsHomepageActivity.java的onCreate()方法，探讨了界面布局settings_homepage_container.xml的结构，特别是NestedScrollView和AppBarLayout的使用。同时，介绍了如何通过显示TopLevelSettings fragment来加载一级菜单，并展示了如何从xml资源文件加载Preference菜单项，例如网络和互联网等。
整体效果图
代码路径
packages/apps/Settingsres/layout/settings_homepage_container.xml
packages/apps/Settingssrc/com/android/settings/homepage/SettingsHomepageActivity.java
一、Settings应用主界面加载
1、从清单文件AndroidManifest.xml可以发现targetActivity属性，实质应是SettingsHomepageActivity.java。Settings应用UI布局主要是在SettingsHomepageActivity中加载的
<activity-alias android:name="Settings"
android:label="@string/settings_label_launcher"
android:launchMode="singleTask"
android:targetActivity=".homepage.SettingsHomepageActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data android:name="android.app.shortcuts" android:resource="@xml/shortcuts"/>
</activity-alias>
<activity android:name=".homepage.SettingsHomepageActivity"
android:label="@string/settings_label_launcher"
android:theme="@style/Theme.Settings.Home"
android:launchMode="singleTask">
<intent-filter android:priority="1">
<action android:name="android.settings.SETTINGS" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data android:name="com.android.settings.PRIMARY_PROFILE_CONTROLLED"
android:value="true" />
</activity>
2、在SettingsHomepageActivity.java文件中onCreate()方法中，我们可以看出是有两部分组成：1、头部搜索框。2、一级菜单选项
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.settings_homepage_container);
final View root = findViewById(R.id.settings_homepage_container);
root.setSystemUiVisibility(
View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE);
setHomepageContainerPaddingTop();
final Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.search_action_bar);
FeatureFactory.getFactory(this).getSearchFeatureProvider()
.initSearchToolbar(this /* activity */, toolbar, SettingsEnums.SETTINGS_HOMEPAGE);
final ImageView avatarView = findViewById(R.id.account_avatar);
final AvatarViewMixin avatarViewMixin = new AvatarViewMixin(this, avatarView);
getLifecycle().addObserver(avatarViewMixin);
if (!getSystemService(ActivityManager.class).isLowRamDevice()) {
// Only allow contextual feature on high ram devices.
showFragment(new ContextualCardsFragment(), R.id.contextual_cards_content);
}
showFragment(new TopLevelSettings(), R.id.main_content);
((FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.main_content))
.getLayoutTransition().enableTransitionType(LayoutTransition.CHANGING);
}
可以看到主界面的layout为settings_homepage_container.xml:，一级菜单选项滑动主要是采用NestedScrollView控件。顶部搜索框则采用AppBarLayout控件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/settings_homepage_container"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView
android:id="@+id/main_content_scrollable_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="com.android.settings.widget.FloatingAppBarScrollingViewBehavior">
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/homepage_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:descendantFocusability="blocksDescendants">
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/contextual_cards_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/contextual_card_side_margin"
android:layout_marginEnd="@dimen/contextual_card_side_margin"/>
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/main_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:animateLayoutChanges="true"
android:background="?android:attr/windowBackground"/>
</LinearLayout>
</androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView>
<com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<include layout="@layout/search_bar"/>
</com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>
</androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
主界面布局中主要包含三部分：两个FrameLayout，一个顶部快捷搜索栏。其中Id为main_content的FrameLayout就是用来显示主设置内容的，即Settings的一级菜单项界面。主界面加载流程，所以主要看main_content。
回到onCreate()方法：TopLevelSettings主要是一级菜单的布局加载
showFragment(new TopLevelSettings(), R.id.main_content);
启动TopLevelSettings的fragment，此fragments主要继承于DashboardFragment.java，先来看TopLevelSettings的构造方法：
public TopLevelSettings() {
final Bundle args = new Bundle();
// Disable the search icon because this page uses a full search view in actionbar.
args.putBoolean(NEED_SEARCH_ICON_IN_ACTION_BAR, false);
setArguments(args);
}
可以看到构造方法中仅设置了个标志位，再根据framgments生命周期先来看onAttach()方法:
@Override
public void onAttach(Context context) {
super.onAttach(context);
use(SupportPreferenceController.class).setActivity(getActivity());
}
调用父类DashboardFragment.java的onAttach()方法，此方法主要是完成mPreferenceControllers的加载。
onCreate()方法：
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
super.onCreate(icicle);
// Set ComparisonCallback so we get better animation when list changes.
getPreferenceManager().setPreferenceComparisonCallback(
new PreferenceManager.SimplePreferenceComparisonCallback());
if (icicle != null) {
// Upon rotation configuration change we need to update preference states before any
// editing dialog is recreated (that would happen before onResume is called).
updatePreferenceStates();
}
}
第一次进入时，icicle为null，具体应该看引用的父类的onCreate()方法，根据log定位发现，其后调用DashboardFragment.java的onCreatePreferences()方法：
@Override
public void onCreatePreferences(Bundle savedInstanceState, String rootKey) {
refreshAllPreferences(getLogTag());
}
调用refreshAllPreferences()：
/**
* Refresh all preference items, including both static prefs from xml, and dynamic items from
* DashboardCategory.
*/
private void refreshAllPreferences(final String TAG) {
final PreferenceScreen screen = getPreferenceScreen();
// First remove old preferences.
if (screen != null) {
// Intentionally do not cache PreferenceScreen because it will be recreated later.
screen.removeAll();
}
// Add resource based tiles.
displayResourceTiles();
refreshDashboardTiles(TAG);
final Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "All preferences added, reporting fully drawn");
activity.reportFullyDrawn();
}
updatePreferenceVisibility(mPreferenceControllers);
}
可以看到此方法主要是用来加载显示的preference items，主要分为两部分，一个是静态xml定义的prefs(调用displayResourceTiles()方法)，另一部分是从DashboardCategory动态加载(调用refreshDashboardTiles(TAG)方法，其中TAG为 “TopLevelSettings”)。
displayResourceTiles()
此方法主要是从xml资源文件中加载显示prefs：
/**
* Displays resource based tiles.
*/
private void displayResourceTiles() {
final int resId = getPreferenceScreenResId();
if (resId <= 0) {
return;
}
addPreferencesFromResource(resId);
final PreferenceScreen screen = getPreferenceScreen();
screen.setOnExpandButtonClickListener(this);
mPreferenceControllers.values().stream().flatMap(Collection::stream).forEach(
controller -> controller.displayPreference(screen));
首先调用getPreferenceScreenResId()方法获取所要加载的xml的ID：
@Override
protected abstract int getPreferenceScreenResId();
调用子类TopLevelSettings.java的getPreferenceScreenResId()方法：
@Override
protected int getPreferenceScreenResId() {
return R.xml.top_level_settings;
}
可以看到Settings主界面加载的xml文件是top_level_settings，其内主要配置的是一些Preference菜单项如网络和互联网、已连接的设备、应用和通知、电池等等。以网络和互联网菜单项为例，xml配置如下：
<PreferenceScreen
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:settings="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:key="top_level_settings">
<Preference
android:key="top_level_network"
android:title="@string/network_dashboard_title"
android:summary="@string/summary_placeholder"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_homepage_network"
android:order="-120"
android:fragment="com.android.settings.network.NetworkDashboardFragment"
settings:controller="com.android.settings.network.TopLevelNetworkEntryPreferenceController"/>
</PreferenceScreen>
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