03-使用注解开发springmvc

使用注解开发springmvc

1.新建一个module，添加web的支持！

2.确定导入了springmvc的依赖

    <dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>

    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

3.编写webxml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>


    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4.编写springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--处理器映射器-->
<!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效，由IOC容器统一管理   -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/>
<!--  让springmvc不处理静态资源 .css .js .mp3 .mp4-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

<!--  支持注解驱动   不用配处理器映射器，处理器适配器  -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>-->
<!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>-->


    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>


</beans>

简略版(去掉注释)springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/>
     <!--下面这两个不配好像也行-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>


</beans>

5.接下来就是去创建对应的控制类，controller

package com.kuang.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")  
//@RestController  加了就不会被视图解析器处理
public class HelloController{
    //访问路径相当于 localhost:8080/hello/h1
    @RequestMapping("/h1")
    public String hello(Model model){
        //封装数据
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVCAnnotation!");

        return "hello";//会被视图解析器处理

    }
}
/*
 @Controller是为了让Spring lOC容器初始化时自动扫描到;
 @RequestMapping是为了映射请求路径，这里因为类与方法上都有映射所以访问时应该是/HelloController/hello;
 方法中声明Model类型的参数是为了把Action中的数据带到视图中;
 方法返回的结果是视图的名称hello，加上配置文件中的前后缀变成WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp.
*/

6.完善前端视图和controller之间的对应 (也就是编写/WEB-INF/jsp下的hello.jsp)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

在视图解析器中我们把所有的视图都存放在/WEB-INF/目录下，这样可以保证视图安全，因为这个目录下的文件。客户端不能直接访问。

7.测试运行访问

使用springMVC必须配置的三大件:

处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器

通常，我们只需要手动配置视图解析器，而处理器映射器和处理器适配超只需要开启注解驱动即可，而省去了大段的xml配置