spring-ai-alibaba动态 Prompt 最佳实践

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-05 14:24:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-09-05 14:24:44 发布

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分类专栏： deepseek 文章标签：人工智能 spring prompt

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Spring AI Alibaba 使用 Nacos 的配置中心能力来动态管理 AI 应用的 Prompt。以此来实现动态更新 Prompt 的功能。

环境准备

Nacos: 具备配置中心能力的 Nacos，本例中使用 Nacos 3.0.2。Nacos 2.X 亦可，

spring-ai版本1.0.0 ，spring-ai-alibaba版本1.0.0.3 ，jdk17

https://github.com/TalkIsCheapGiveMeMoney/spring-ai-alibaba-examples/tree/main/spring-ai-alibaba-nacos-prompt-exampleExample 工程地址：https://github.com/TalkIsCheapGiveMeMoney/spring-ai-alibaba-examples/tree/main/spring-ai-alibaba-nacos-prompt-example

Pom.xml

Tips: 项目中已经引入了 Spring AI Alibaba Bom 和 Spring Boot Bom。因此这里省略了版本号。有关 bom 定义参考如上的 Github 仓库地址。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter-dashscope</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter-nacos-prompt</artifactId>
</dependency>

Application.yml

在配置文件中加入 Nacos 监听的 DataID 以及 Nacos Server 的用户名和密码等信息。

# Copyright 2024-2025 the original author or authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

server:
  port: 10010

spring:
  application:
    name: spring-ai-alibaba-nacos-prompt-example

  # 指定监听的 prompt 配置
  config:
    import:
      - "optional:nacos:prompt-config.json"
  nacos:

    namespace: 8279be91-ac4e-465b-a87a-bbaa1fd66d26
    server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    username: nacos
    password: nacos


  ai:
    # 开启 nacos 的 prompt tmpl 监听功能
    nacos:
      prompt:
        template:
          enabled: true

Controller

/*
 * Copyright 2024 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.alibaba.cloud.ai.example.nacos.controller;

import java.util.Map;

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.prompt.ConfigurablePromptTemplate;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.prompt.ConfigurablePromptTemplateFactory;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;

import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.model.ChatModel;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.prompt.Prompt;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author : huangzhen
 */

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/nacos")
public class PromptController {

    private static final Logger logger = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(PromptController.class);

    private final ChatClient client;

    private final ConfigurablePromptTemplateFactory promptTemplateFactory;

    public PromptController(
            ChatModel chatModel,
            ConfigurablePromptTemplateFactory promptTemplateFactory
    ) {

        this.client = ChatClient.builder(chatModel).build();
        this.promptTemplateFactory = promptTemplateFactory;
    }

    @GetMapping("/books")
    public Flux<String> generateJoke(
            @RequestParam(value = "author", required = false, defaultValue = "鲁迅") String authorName,
            HttpServletResponse response
    ) {

        // 防止输出乱码
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        // 使用 nacos 的 prompt tmpl 创建 prompt
        ConfigurablePromptTemplate template = promptTemplateFactory.create(
                "author",
                "please list the three most famous books by this {author}."
        );
        Prompt prompt = template.create(Map.of("author", authorName));
        logger.info("最终构建的 prompt 为：{}", prompt.getContents());

        return client.prompt(prompt)
                .stream()
                .content();
    }

}

Nacos 配置添加

启动 Nacos 服务；
写入配置，dataId 为：spring.ai.alibaba.configurable.prompt
在配置中写入如下配置：

[
  {
    "name":"author",
    "template":"列出 {author} 有名的著作",
    "model":{
      "key":"余华"
    }
  }
]

功能演示

完成上述配置之后，启动项目：

在启动日志中，可以看到如下输出，表明已经开始监听此 DataID 的配置：

2025-07-30T09:25:52.794+08:00  INFO 25312 --- [spring-ai-alibaba-nacos-prompt-example] [           main] .c.a.p.ConfigurablePromptTemplateFactory : OnPromptTemplateConfigChange,templateName:author,template:列出 {author} 有名的著作,model:{key=余华}

发送请求查看输出：

Tips: 这里输出了鲁迅的作品集是因为在 controller 中设置了 defaultValue 为鲁迅.

查看控制台输出：

2025-07-30T09:27:27.937+08:00  INFO 25312 --- [spring-ai-alibaba-nacos-prompt-example] [io-10010-exec-1] c.a.c.a.e.n.controller.PromptController  : 最终构建的 prompt 为：列出 鲁迅 有名的著作

动态更新 Nacos 的 Prompt 配置，再次查看请求查看效果

Tips: 因为 controller 中设置了 defaultValue 为鲁迅，因此 Prompt 变更仍然和文学作家相关。

变更 Prompt 为：

[
  {
    "name": "author",
    "template": "介绍 {author}，列出其生平经历和文学成就",
    "model": {
      "key": "余华"
    }
  }
]

点击发布之后，看到控制台输出如下，证明变更成功：

2025-07-30T09:28:38.227+08:00  INFO 25312 --- [spring-ai-alibaba-nacos-prompt-example] [listener.task-0] .c.a.p.ConfigurablePromptTemplateFactory : OnPromptTemplateConfigChange,templateName:author,template:介绍 {author}，列出其生平经历和文学成就,model:{key=余华}

再次发送请求：

最终构建的 Prompt 为：

2025-07-30T09:28:44.736+08:00  INFO 25312 --- [spring-ai-alibaba-nacos-prompt-example] [io-10010-exec-5] c.a.c.a.e.n.controller.PromptController  : 最终构建的 prompt 为：介绍 鲁迅，列出其生平经历和文学成就