Linux 6下安装编译安装Nginx的步骤

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本文详细介绍在Linux6环境下从源码编译安装Nginx的过程，包括配置环境、编译参数说明、启动及配置为系统服务的方法，并提供解决常见故障的方案。

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Linux 6下安装编译安装Nginx的步骤

前言：

Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP服务器。在高连接并发的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品：Nginx在美国是做虚拟主机生意的老板们经常选择的软件平台之一。能够支持高达50,000个并发连接数的响应，而且内存开销极小。这也是Nginx广受欢迎的重要原因。本文演示了基于Linux 6下编译安装Nginx，供大家参考。

一、安装环境

# cat /etc/issue

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago)

Kernel \r on an \m

# nginx -v

nginx version: nginx/1.8.0

二、配置安装环境

###为简化安装及配置，此处关闭了防火墙，生产环境建议开启

# service iptables stop

# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

###创建用户及组

#groupadd -r nginx

#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx -r nginx

###安装环境依赖包 http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html

# yum install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++

三、编译及安装Nginx

# cd /tmp/

# tar -xvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

# cd /nginx-1.8.0

# ./configure \

--prefix=/etc/nginx \

--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \

--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \

--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \

--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \

--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \

--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \

--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \

--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \

--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \

--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \

--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \

--user=nginx \

--group=nginx \

--with-http_ssl_module \

--with-http_realip_module \

--with-http_addition_module \

--with-http_sub_module \

--with-http_dav_module \

--with-http_flv_module \

--with-http_mp4_module \

--with-http_gunzip_module \

--with-http_gzip_static_module \

--with-http_random_index_module \

--with-http_secure_link_module \

--with-http_stub_status_module \

--with-http_auth_request_module \

--with-mail \

--with-mail_ssl_module \

--with-file-aio \

--with-http_spdy_module \

--with-ipv6

Configuration summary

+ using system PCRE library

+ using system OpenSSL library

+ md5: using OpenSSL library

+ sha1: using OpenSSL library

+ using system zlib library

nginx path prefix: "/etc/nginx"

nginx binary file: "/usr/sbin/nginx"

nginx configuration prefix: "/etc/nginx"

nginx configuration file: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"

nginx pid file: "/var/run/nginx.pid"

nginx error log file: "/var/log/nginx/error.log"

nginx http access log file: "/var/log/nginx/access.log"

nginx http client request body temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/client_temp"

nginx http proxy temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp"

nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp"

nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp"

nginx http scgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp"

###如果apache httpd服务启动，建议先停止或更改端口号

# service httpd stop

# mkdir -p /var/cache/nginx/{client_temp,proxy_temp,fastcgi_temp,uwsgi_temp,scgi_temp}

# make && make install

###启动nginx

# /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# ps -ef|grep nginx|grep -v grep

root 33412 1 0 10:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

nginx 33413 33412 0 10:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process

[root@orasrv1 cache]# netstat -nltp|grep 80

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 33412/nginx

[root@orasrv1 cache]#

四、配置nginx为系统服务

vi /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash

# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \

# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server

# Author : Leshami

# Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

# processname: nginx

# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#path for nginx binary

nginxd=/usr/sbin/nginx

#path for nginx configuration

nginx_config=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#path for nginx pid

nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid

RETVAL=0

prog="nginx"

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0

[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0

# Start nginx daemons functions.

start() {

if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then

echo "nginx already running...."

exit 1

fi

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx

return $RETVAL

}

# Stop nginx daemons functions.

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc $nginxd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid

}

# reload nginx service functions.

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`

killproc $nginxd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

reload)

reload

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

status)

status $prog

RETVAL=$?

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"

exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

# chmod u+x /etc/init.d/nginx

# service nginx start

Starting nginx: [ OK ]

# ps -ef|grep nginx |grep -v grep

root 33534 1 0 10:33 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

nginx 33535 33534 0 10:33 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process

# service nginx stop

Stopping nginx: [ OK ]

# chkconfig --add nginx

# chkconfig nginx on

五、安装过程中的常见故障

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module

option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library

statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.

You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module

option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library

statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.

### 以上2个错误，请安装相应的依赖包，见本文第二部分：配置安装环境

# /usr/sbin/nginx

nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed

### 需要创建nginx用户组及用户

# /usr/sbin/nginx

nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/cache/nginx/client_temp" failed (2: No such file or directory)

### 需要创建对应的目录