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- Newcomb's Tables of the Sun (full title Tables of the Motion of the Earth on its Axis and Around the Sun) is a work by the American astronomer and mathematician Simon Newcomb, published in volume VI of the serial publication Astronomical Papers Prepared for the Use of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac. The work contains Newcomb's mathematical development of the position of the Earth in the Solar System, which is constructed from classical celestial mechanics as well as centuries of astronomical measurements. The bulk of the work, however, is a collection of tabulated precomputed values that provide the position of the sun at any point in time. Newcomb's Tables were the basis for practically all ephemerides of the Sun published from 1900 through 1983, including the annual almanacs of the U.S. Naval Observatory and the Royal Greenwich Observatory. The physical tables themselves were used by the ephemerides from 1900 to 1959, computerized versions were used from 1960 to 1980, and evaluations of the Newcomb's theories were used from 1981 to 1983. The tables are seldom used now; since the Astronomical Almanac for 1984 they have been superseded by more accurate numerically-integrated ephemerides developed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, based on much more accurate observations than were available to Newcomb. Also, the tables did not account for the effects of general relativity which was unknown at the time. Nevertheless, his tabulated values remain accurate to within a few seconds of arc to this day. He developed similar formulas and tables for the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Uranus and Neptune; those of the inner planets have proved to be the most accurate. (en)
- 紐康的太陽表是美國天文學家兼數學家西蒙·紐康為連續性出版物《美國星曆表和船舶年曆》作準備的天文曆表而編輯的《四顆內行星表(1895)》，卷6《地球在自轉軸上環繞太陽運動的表》 (第1-169頁)的簡稱。這項工作包含紐康經由古典的天體力學修改，並且結合一世紀的天文測量，在數學上發展出在太陽系的地球位置。工作主要部份是預先計算太陽的位置制成表格，以提供任何一地在任何時間的太陽位置。 紐康的太陽表是從1900年至1983年間所有出版的星曆表，包括美國海軍天文台和格林威治皇家天文台年曆的依據。現在很少再用這個表，因為計算機已經可以使用比紐康能用的更多和更準確的測量數據。同時，這個表也未使用廣義相對論的效應，因為當時還是未知的。無論如何，他製的表至今仍然是準確的，可以精確至幾個角秒之內。 紐康的工作有不小的成就，特別是考慮到在計算機出現之前的半個世紀就完成的。通常，受到重視的是曆表，而不是在表下面所給予的理論。後者也許是件有結果的工作，而由此開發出的算式或發展出的程式，將繼續使用在天文的軟體和其他的計算機算式中。 對其他的行星，紐康也發展出相似的算式和曆表；內行星的部份也都被證實是最準確的。 (zh)
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- 紐康的太陽表是美國天文學家兼數學家西蒙·紐康為連續性出版物《美國星曆表和船舶年曆》作準備的天文曆表而編輯的《四顆內行星表(1895)》，卷6《地球在自轉軸上環繞太陽運動的表》 (第1-169頁)的簡稱。這項工作包含紐康經由古典的天體力學修改，並且結合一世紀的天文測量，在數學上發展出在太陽系的地球位置。工作主要部份是預先計算太陽的位置制成表格，以提供任何一地在任何時間的太陽位置。 紐康的太陽表是從1900年至1983年間所有出版的星曆表，包括美國海軍天文台和格林威治皇家天文台年曆的依據。現在很少再用這個表，因為計算機已經可以使用比紐康能用的更多和更準確的測量數據。同時，這個表也未使用廣義相對論的效應，因為當時還是未知的。無論如何，他製的表至今仍然是準確的，可以精確至幾個角秒之內。 紐康的工作有不小的成就，特別是考慮到在計算機出現之前的半個世紀就完成的。通常，受到重視的是曆表，而不是在表下面所給予的理論。後者也許是件有結果的工作，而由此開發出的算式或發展出的程式，將繼續使用在天文的軟體和其他的計算機算式中。 對其他的行星，紐康也發展出相似的算式和曆表；內行星的部份也都被證實是最準確的。 (zh)
- Newcomb's Tables of the Sun (full title Tables of the Motion of the Earth on its Axis and Around the Sun) is a work by the American astronomer and mathematician Simon Newcomb, published in volume VI of the serial publication Astronomical Papers Prepared for the Use of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac. The work contains Newcomb's mathematical development of the position of the Earth in the Solar System, which is constructed from classical celestial mechanics as well as centuries of astronomical measurements. The bulk of the work, however, is a collection of tabulated precomputed values that provide the position of the sun at any point in time. (en)
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- Newcomb's Tables of the Sun (en)
- 紐康的太陽表 (zh)
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