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The history of the Jews in Tunisia extended nearly two thousand years and goes back to the Punic era. The Jewish community in Tunisia is no doubt older, grew up following successive waves of immigration and proselytism before its development was hampered by anti-Jewish measures in the Byzantine Empire. The community formerly used its own dialect of Arabic. After the Muslim conquest of Tunisia, Tunisian Judaism went through periods of relative freedom or even cultural apogee to times of more marked discrimination. The arrival of Jews expelled from the Iberian peninsula, often through Livorno, greatly altered the country. Its economic, social and cultural situation has improved markedly with the advent of the French protectorate before being compromised during the Second World War, with the

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  • تاريخ اليهود في تونس يغطي ما يقرب من 2,600 سنة. شوهدوا في القرن الثاني ولكن ربما أكثر، نمت الجالية اليهودية في تونس نتيجة لموجات متتالية من الهجرة وتبشير كبير قبل ما يعوق تنميتها عن طريق إجراءات معادية لليهودية في العصر البيزنطي. بعد الفتح الإسلامي لتونس، مرت اليهودية التونسية بفترات من الحرية النسبية أو الأوج الثقافي إلى أوقات من التمييز ملحوظة. وصولا على اراضيها من اليهود الذين طردوا من شبه الجزيرة الايبيرية، في كثير من الأحيان عن طريق ليفورنو، يتغير بشكل ملحوظ وجهها. تحسن وضعهم الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي بشكل ملحوظ مع ظهور الحماية الفرنسية قبل أن يصبحوا في خطر أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية مع الاحتلال من قبل دول المحور. قيام دولة إسرائيل في عام 1948 أثار استجابة معادية للصهيونية واسعة الانتشار في العالم العربي، والتي من خلالها ظهر التحريض القومي، تأميم الشركات، تعريب التعليم وجزء من الإدارة. غادر اليهود تونس في كتلة بداية من أعوام 1950، بسبب المشاكل المذكورة والمناخ العدائي الذي خلقته أحداث بنزرت في عام 1961، وحرب الأيام الستة في عام 1967. عدد السكان اليهود في تونس والتي تقدر بحوالي 105,000 في عام 1948، لم يبقى منها أكثر من 1,100 شخص في عام 2018. أي أقل من 0.1% من مجموع السكان فيما تذكر مصادر أخرى بأنه يوجد نحو 2.000 يهودي في تونس ويتمركزون بشكل أساسي في جزيرة جربة ومدينة حلق الوادي وحي لافيات بالعاصمة تونس. يهود تونس يقيمون الآن في إسرائيل وفرنسا، حيث حافظة على هوية مجتمعها، من خلال تقاليده، ومعظمهم من روافد السفارديم اليهودية، ولكن مع الاحتفاظ على الخصوصيات الخاصة بهم. اليهودية الجربية على وجه الخصوص، تعتبر أكثر وفية للتقاليد منذ ظلت خارج نطاق تأثير الاتجاهات الحداثية، حيث تلعب دورا مهيمنا. (ar)
  • The history of the Jews in Tunisia extended nearly two thousand years and goes back to the Punic era. The Jewish community in Tunisia is no doubt older, grew up following successive waves of immigration and proselytism before its development was hampered by anti-Jewish measures in the Byzantine Empire. The community formerly used its own dialect of Arabic. After the Muslim conquest of Tunisia, Tunisian Judaism went through periods of relative freedom or even cultural apogee to times of more marked discrimination. The arrival of Jews expelled from the Iberian peninsula, often through Livorno, greatly altered the country. Its economic, social and cultural situation has improved markedly with the advent of the French protectorate before being compromised during the Second World War, with the occupation of the country by the Axis. The creation of Israel in 1948 provoked a widespread anti-Zionist reaction in the Arab world, to which was added nationalist agitation, nationalization of enterprises, Arabization of education and part of the administration. Jews left Tunisia en masse from the 1950s onwards because of the problems raised and the hostile climate created by the Bizerte crisis in 1961 and the Six-Day War in 1967. The Jewish population of Tunisia, estimated at about 105,000 individuals in 1948, numbered around 1,000 individuals as of 2019. These Jews lived mainly in Tunis, with communities present in Djerba. The Jewish diaspora of Tunisia is divided between Israel and France, where it has preserved its community identity through its traditions, mostly dependent on Sephardic Judaism, but retaining its own specific characteristics. Djerbian Judaism in particular, considered to be more faithful to tradition because it remained outside the sphere of influence of the modernist currents, plays a dominant role. The vast majority of Tunisian Jews have relocated to Israel and have switched to using Hebrew as their home language. Tunisian Jews living in France typically use French as their first language, while the few still left in Tunisia tend to use either French or Judeo-Tunisian Arabic in their everyday lives. (en)
  • L'histoire des Juifs en Tunisie s'étend sur près de deux mille ans. Attestée au IIe siècle mais sans doute plus ancienne, la communauté juive en Tunisie croît à la suite de vagues d'immigration successives et d'un prosélytisme important créant des communautés de Berbères juifs. Toutefois, son développement est freiné par des mesures anti-juives à partir de l'édit de Milan et à l'époque de l'exarchat de Carthage. Après la conquête musulmane de la Tunisie, le judaïsme tunisien passe de périodes de relative liberté, voire d'apogée culturel, à des temps de discrimination plus marquée. L'arrivée sur son sol de Juifs expulsés de la péninsule Ibérique, souvent par l'intermédiaire de Livourne, modifie considérablement son visage. Sa situation économique, sociale et culturelle s'améliore fortement à l'avènement du protectorat français avant d'être compromise durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, d'une part en raison des lois anti-juives du régime de Vichy et d'autre part à la suite de l'occupation du pays par l'Axe. En 1948, la création d'Israël suscite une réaction antisioniste généralisée du monde arabe, sur laquelle se greffent l'agitation nationaliste, la nationalisation d'entreprises, l'arabisation de l'enseignement et d'une partie de l'administration. Les Juifs quittent la Tunisie en masse à partir des années 1950, en raison des problèmes évoqués et du climat hostile engendré par la crise de Bizerte, en 1961, et la guerre des Six Jours, en 1967. La population juive de Tunisie, estimée à environ 105 000 personnes en 1948, n'est plus que de 1 500 personnes en 2003, soit moins de 0,1 % de la population totale. En 2018, la communauté la plus importante est celle de Djerba, bien devant celle de Tunis. La diaspora juive tunisienne est répartie principalement entre Israël et la France, où elle a préservé son identité communautaire, au travers de ses traditions, majoritairement tributaires du judaïsme séfarade, mais conservant ses spécificités propres. Le judaïsme djerbien en particulier, considéré comme plus fidèle à la tradition, car resté hors de la sphère d'influence des courants modernistes, joue un rôle dominant. (fr)
  • Sejarah Yahudi di Tunisia bermula pada . Pada 2011, 700 Yahudi tinggal di Tunis dan 1,000 di pulau Djerba. Komunitas tersebut mulanya menggunakan . Sebagian besar Yahudi Tunisia dan beralih menggunakan bahasa Ibrani sebagai mereka. Yahudi Tunisia yang tinggal di Prancis biasanya menggunakan bahasa Prancis sebagai bahasa pertama mereka, sementara beberapa diantaranya yang meninggalkan Tunisia masuk menggunakan bahasa Arab Prancis atau Tunisia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. (in)
  • Gli ebrei sono presenti in Tunisia da circa 2000 anni. Dopo la conquista musulmana dell'Ifriqiya, gli ebrei vissero periodi di grande prosperità e tolleranza alternati a periodi di discriminazione. L'arrivo sul territorio di ebrei espulsi dalla Penisola iberica dopo il 1492 cambiò notevolmente l'aspetto della comunità. La situazione economica, sociale e culturale migliorò con l'avvento del Protettorato francese, prima di essere compromessa durante la seconda guerra mondiale, con l'occupazione del paese nordafricano da parte dell'Asse. La creazione di Israele nel 1948 sollevò una reazione generalizzata antisionista e poi antiebraica nel mondo arabo. Furono nazionalizzate le imprese e arabizzate l'istruzione e una parte dell'amministrazione. Gli ebrei iniziarono a lasciare la Tunisia in massa dal 1950, a causa dei problemi insorti e dell'atmosfera ostile generata dalla crisi di Biserta nel 1961 e la guerra dei sei giorni nel 1967. La popolazione ebraica della Tunisia, stimata di circa 100.000 persone nel 1948, nel 2003 era ridotta a circa 1.500 persone. Questi ebrei vivono principalmente a Tunisi e a Gerba, con comunità anche a Sfax, Susa e Nabeul. Gli ebrei tunisini emigrarono principalmente verso Israele e la Francia, dove mantennero la loro identità di comunità e le loro tradizioni, in gran parte dipendenti dall'Ebraismo sefardita. Il Giudaismo di Gerba, in particolare, è considerato quello più fedele alle tradizioni, in quanto è rimasto al di fuori della sfera di influenza delle correnti moderniste. (it)
  • A história dos judeus na Tunísia se estendeu por quase dois mil anos e remonta à era púnica. A comunidade judaica na Tunísia é, sem dúvida, mais velha, cresceu após sucessivas ondas de imigração e proselitismo antes de seu desenvolvimento ser prejudicado por medidas antijudaicas no Império Bizantino. A comunidade anteriormente usava . Após a conquista muçulmana da Tunísia, o judaísmo tunisiano passou por períodos de relativa liberdade ou mesmo apogeu cultural para tempos de discriminação mais acentuada. A chegada de judeus expulsos da Península Ibérica, muitas vezes por Livorno, alterou profundamente o país. Sua situação econômica, social e cultural melhorou notavelmente com o advento do protetorado francês antes de ser comprometida durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, com a ocupação do país pelo Eixo. A criação de Israel em 1948 provocou uma reação antissionista generalizada no mundo árabe, à qual se juntou agitação nacionalista, nacionalização de empresas, arabização da educação e de parte da administração. Os judeus deixaram a Tunísia em massa a partir da década de 1950 por causa dos problemas levantados e do clima hostil criado pela crise de Bizerte em 1961 e a Guerra dos Seis Dias em 1967. A população judaica da Tunísia, estimada em aproximadamente 105.000 pessoas em 1948, totalizava aproximadamente 2.000 pessoas em 2018, (pt)
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  • Sejarah Yahudi di Tunisia bermula pada . Pada 2011, 700 Yahudi tinggal di Tunis dan 1,000 di pulau Djerba. Komunitas tersebut mulanya menggunakan . Sebagian besar Yahudi Tunisia dan beralih menggunakan bahasa Ibrani sebagai mereka. Yahudi Tunisia yang tinggal di Prancis biasanya menggunakan bahasa Prancis sebagai bahasa pertama mereka, sementara beberapa diantaranya yang meninggalkan Tunisia masuk menggunakan bahasa Arab Prancis atau Tunisia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. (in)
  • تاريخ اليهود في تونس يغطي ما يقرب من 2,600 سنة. شوهدوا في القرن الثاني ولكن ربما أكثر، نمت الجالية اليهودية في تونس نتيجة لموجات متتالية من الهجرة وتبشير كبير قبل ما يعوق تنميتها عن طريق إجراءات معادية لليهودية في العصر البيزنطي. يهود تونس يقيمون الآن في إسرائيل وفرنسا، حيث حافظة على هوية مجتمعها، من خلال تقاليده، ومعظمهم من روافد السفارديم اليهودية، ولكن مع الاحتفاظ على الخصوصيات الخاصة بهم. اليهودية الجربية على وجه الخصوص، تعتبر أكثر وفية للتقاليد منذ ظلت خارج نطاق تأثير الاتجاهات الحداثية، حيث تلعب دورا مهيمنا. (ar)
  • The history of the Jews in Tunisia extended nearly two thousand years and goes back to the Punic era. The Jewish community in Tunisia is no doubt older, grew up following successive waves of immigration and proselytism before its development was hampered by anti-Jewish measures in the Byzantine Empire. The community formerly used its own dialect of Arabic. After the Muslim conquest of Tunisia, Tunisian Judaism went through periods of relative freedom or even cultural apogee to times of more marked discrimination. The arrival of Jews expelled from the Iberian peninsula, often through Livorno, greatly altered the country. Its economic, social and cultural situation has improved markedly with the advent of the French protectorate before being compromised during the Second World War, with the (en)
  • L'histoire des Juifs en Tunisie s'étend sur près de deux mille ans. Attestée au IIe siècle mais sans doute plus ancienne, la communauté juive en Tunisie croît à la suite de vagues d'immigration successives et d'un prosélytisme important créant des communautés de Berbères juifs. Toutefois, son développement est freiné par des mesures anti-juives à partir de l'édit de Milan et à l'époque de l'exarchat de Carthage. (fr)
  • Gli ebrei sono presenti in Tunisia da circa 2000 anni. Dopo la conquista musulmana dell'Ifriqiya, gli ebrei vissero periodi di grande prosperità e tolleranza alternati a periodi di discriminazione. L'arrivo sul territorio di ebrei espulsi dalla Penisola iberica dopo il 1492 cambiò notevolmente l'aspetto della comunità. La situazione economica, sociale e culturale migliorò con l'avvento del Protettorato francese, prima di essere compromessa durante la seconda guerra mondiale, con l'occupazione del paese nordafricano da parte dell'Asse. (it)
  • A história dos judeus na Tunísia se estendeu por quase dois mil anos e remonta à era púnica. A comunidade judaica na Tunísia é, sem dúvida, mais velha, cresceu após sucessivas ondas de imigração e proselitismo antes de seu desenvolvimento ser prejudicado por medidas antijudaicas no Império Bizantino. A comunidade anteriormente usava . Após a conquista muçulmana da Tunísia, o judaísmo tunisiano passou por períodos de relativa liberdade ou mesmo apogeu cultural para tempos de discriminação mais acentuada. A chegada de judeus expulsos da Península Ibérica, muitas vezes por Livorno, alterou profundamente o país. Sua situação econômica, social e cultural melhorou notavelmente com o advento do protetorado francês antes de ser comprometida durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, com a ocupação do país (pt)
rdfs:label
  • تاريخ اليهود في تونس (ar)
  • Yahudi-Tunisia (in)
  • History of the Jews in Tunisia (en)
  • Storia degli ebrei in Tunisia (it)
  • Histoire des Juifs en Tunisie (fr)
  • História dos judeus na Tunísia (pt)
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