操作系统管理必备：Shell脚本语言精讲与实战指南资源-CSDN下载

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前言

学习目标

熟悉 Linux 系统常用命令与工具，掌握 Shell 脚本语言语法结构，能独立编写 Shell 脚本，完成自动

化运维常规任务，提高工作效率，为以后学习其他语言打下坚实的基础。

目标人群

运维工程师、开发工程师、Linux 系统爱好者或已经具备其他编程语言的人群。

操作系统

本文档实验均采用 CentOS7_X64 系统。

第一章 Shell 基础知识................................................................8

1.1 Shell 简介 ......................................................................8

1.2 Shell 基本分两大类 ..............................................................9

1.3 第一个 Shell 脚本 ................................................................9

1.4 Shell 变量 .....................................................................10

1.5 变量引用 .......................................................................12

1.6 双引号和单引号 .................................................................13

1.7 注释 ...........................................................................14

第二章 Shell 字符串处理之${}........................................................14

2.1 获取字符串长度 .................................................................14

2.2 字符串切片 .....................................................................14

2.3 替换字符串 .....................................................................15

2.4 字符串截取 .....................................................................15

2.5 变量状态赋值 ...................................................................16

2.6 字符串颜色 .....................................................................16

第三章 Shell 表达式与运算符.........................................................17

3.1 条件表达式 .....................................................................17

3.2 整数比较符 .....................................................................18

3.3 字符串比较符 ...................................................................18

3.4 文件测试 .......................................................................19

3.5 布尔运算符 .....................................................................19

3.6 逻辑判断符 .....................................................................20

3.7 整数运算 .......................................................................20

3.8 其他运算工具（let/expr/bc） ....................................................21

3.9 Shell 括号用途总结 .............................................................22

第四章 Shell 流程控制...............................................................23

4.1 if 语句 ........................................................................23

4.2 for 语句 .......................................................................25

4.3 while 语句 .....................................................................26

4.4 break 和 continue 语句 ..........................................................28

4.5 case 语句 ......................................................................29

4.6 select 语句 ....................................................................30

第五章 Shell 函数与数组.............................................................32

5.1 函数 ...........................................................................32

5.2 数组 ...........................................................................34

第六章 Shell 正则表达式.............................................................35

第七章 Shell 文本处理三剑客.........................................................38

7.1 grep ...........................................................................38

7.2 sed ............................................................................42

7.2.1 匹配打印（p） ..............................................................44

7.2.2 匹配删除（d） ..............................................................46

7.2.3 替换（s///） ...............................................................47

7.2.4 多重编辑（-e） .............................................................50

7.2.5 添加新内容（a、i 和 c） .....................................................50

7.2.6 读取文件并追加到匹配行后（r） ..............................................52

7.2.7 将匹配行写到文件（w） ......................................................52

7.2.8 读取下一行（n 和 N） ........................................................53

7.2.9 打印和删除模式空间第一行（P 和 D） ..........................................55

7.2.10 保持空间操作（h 与 H、g 与 G 和 x） ..........................................55

7.2.11 标签（:、b 和 t） ..........................................................57

7.2.12 忽略大小写匹配（I） .......................................................59

7.2.13 获取总行数（#） ...........................................................59

8.3 awk ............................................................................59

8.3.1 选项 .......................................................................60

8.3.2 模式 .......................................................................60

8.3.3 内置变量 ...................................................................65

8.3.4 操作符 .....................................................................70

8.3.5 流程控制 ...................................................................74

8.3.6 数组 .......................................................................77

8.3.7 内置函数 ...................................................................80

8.3.8 I/O 语句 ...................................................................84

8.3.9 printf 语句 ................................................................87

8.3.10 自定义函数 ................................................................88

8.3.11 需求案例 ..................................................................89

第八章 Shell 标准输入、输出和错误...................................................94

8.1 标准输入、输出和错误 ...........................................................94

8.2 重定向符号 .....................................................................94

8.3 重定向输出 .....................................................................95

8.4 重定向输入 .....................................................................95

8.5 重定向标准输出和标准错误 .......................................................95

8.6 重定向到空设备 .................................................................96

8.7 read 命令 ......................................................................97

第九章 Shell 信号发送与捕捉.........................................................98

9.1 Linux 信号类型 .................................................................98

9.2 kill 命令 .....................................................................100

9.3 trap 命令 .....................................................................100

第十章 Shell 编程时常用的系统文件..................................................102

10.1 Linux 系统目录结构 ...........................................................102

10.2 环境变量文件 .................................................................103

10.3 系统配置文件 .................................................................103

10.4 /dev 目录 ....................................................................104

10.5 /proc 目录 ...................................................................104

10.5.1 /proc ....................................................................105

10.5.2 /proc/net ................................................................105

10.5.3 /proc/sys ................................................................106

第十一章 Shell 常用命令与工具......................................................108

11.1 ls ...........................................................................108

11.2 echo .........................................................................109

11.3 printf .......................................................................109

11.4 cat ..........................................................................110

11.5 tac ..........................................................................111

11.6 rev ..........................................................................111

11.7 wc ...........................................................................111

11.8 cp ...........................................................................111

11.9 mkdir ........................................................................112

11.10 mv ..........................................................................112

11.11 rename ......................................................................112

11.12 dirname .....................................................................113

11.13 basename ....................................................................113

11.14 du ..........................................................................113

11.15 cut .........................................................................114

11.16 tr ..........................................................................114

11.17 stat ........................................................................115

11.18 seq .........................................................................115

11.19 shuf ........................................................................116

11.20 sort ........................................................................116

11.21 uniq ........................................................................117

11.22 tee .........................................................................118

11.23 join ........................................................................119

11.24 paste .......................................................................119

11.25 head ........................................................................120

11.26 tail ........................................................................120

11.27 find ........................................................................120

11.28 xargs .......................................................................122

11.29 nl ..........................................................................122

11.30 date ........................................................................123

11.31 wget ........................................................................124

11.32 curl ........................................................................126

11.33 scp .........................................................................127

11.34 rsync .......................................................................128

11.35 nohup .......................................................................128

11.36 iconv .......................................................................129

11.37 uname .......................................................................129

11.38 sshpass .....................................................................129

11.39 tar .........................................................................130

11.40 logger ......................................................................130

11.41 netstat .....................................................................131

11.42 ss ..........................................................................131

11.43 lsof ........................................................................132

11.44 ps ..........................................................................133

11.45 top .........................................................................134

11.46 free ........................................................................135

11.47 df ..........................................................................136

11.48 vmstat ......................................................................136

11.49 iostat ......................................................................137

11.50 sar .........................................................................137

11.51 dstat .......................................................................138

11.52 ip ..........................................................................138

11.53 nc ..........................................................................139

11.54 time ........................................................................140

11.55 eval ........................................................................141

11.56 ssh .........................................................................141

11.57 iptables ....................................................................142

第十二章 Shell 脚本编写实战........................................................145

12.1 获取随机字符串或数字 .........................................................145

12.2 定义一个颜色输出字符串函数 ...................................................146

12.3 批量创建用户 .................................................................147

12.4 检查软件包是否安装 ...........................................................147

12.5 检查服务状态 .................................................................147

12.6 检查主机存活状态 .............................................................148

12.7 监控 CPU、内存和硬盘利用率 ...................................................149

12.8 批量主机磁盘利用率监控 .......................................................150

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