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<h1><p align="center"><img alt="protobuf.js" src="https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/raw/master/pbjs.png" width="120" height="104" /></p></h1> <p align="center"><a href="https://npmjs.org/package/protobufjs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/protobufjs.svg" alt=""></a> <a href="https://travis-ci.org/dcodeIO/protobuf.js"><img src="https://travis-ci.org/dcodeIO/protobuf.js.svg?branch=master" alt=""></a> <a href="https://npmjs.org/package/protobufjs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/protobufjs.svg" alt=""></a> <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=dcode%40dcode.io&item_name=Open%20Source%20Software%20Donation&item_number=dcodeIO%2Fprotobuf.js"><img alt="donate ❤" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/donate-❤-ff2244.svg"></a></p> **Protocol Buffers** are a language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible way of serializing structured data for use in communications protocols, data storage, and more, originally designed at Google ([see](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/)). **protobuf.js** is a pure JavaScript implementation with [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org) support for [node.js](https://nodejs.org) and the browser. It's easy to use, blazingly fast and works out of the box with [.proto](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto) files! Contents -------- * [Installation](#installation)<br /> How to include protobuf.js in your project. * [Usage](#usage)<br /> A brief introduction to using the toolset. * [Valid Message](#valid-message) * [Toolset](#toolset)<br /> * [Examples](#examples)<br /> A few examples to get you started. * [Using .proto files](#using-proto-files) * [Using JSON descriptors](#using-json-descriptors) * [Using reflection only](#using-reflection-only) * [Using custom classes](#using-custom-classes) * [Using services](#using-services) * [Usage with TypeScript](#usage-with-typescript)<br /> * [Additional documentation](#additional-documentation)<br /> A list of available documentation resources. * [Performance](#performance)<br /> A few internals and a benchmark on performance. * [Compatibility](#compatibility)<br /> Notes on compatibility regarding browsers and optional libraries. * [Building](#building)<br /> How to build the library and its components yourself. Installation --------------- ### node.js ``` $> npm install protobufjs [--save --save-prefix=~] ``` ```js var protobuf = require("protobufjs"); ``` The command line utility lives in the protobufjs-cli package and must be installed separately: ``` $> npm install protobufjs-cli [--save --save-prefix=~] ``` **Note** that this library's versioning scheme is not semver-compatible for historical reasons. For guaranteed backward compatibility, always depend on `~6.A.B` instead of `^6.A.B` (hence the `--save-prefix` above). ### Browsers Development: ``` <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/protobuf.js"></script> ``` Production: ``` <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/protobuf.min.js"></script> ``` **Remember** to replace the version tag with the exact [release](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/tags) your project depends upon. The library supports CommonJS and AMD loaders and also exports globally as `protobuf`. ### Distributions Where bundle size is a factor, there are additional stripped-down versions of the [full library][dist-full] (~19kb gzipped) available that exclude certain functionality: * When working with JSON descriptors (i.e. generated by [pbjs](cli/README.md#pbjs-for-javascript)) and/or reflection only, see the [light library][dist-light] (~16kb gzipped) that excludes the parser. CommonJS entry point is: ```js var protobuf = require("protobufjs/light"); ``` * When working with statically generated code only, see the [minimal library][dist-minimal] (~6.5kb gzipped) that also excludes reflection. CommonJS entry point is: ```js var protobuf = require("protobufjs/minimal"); ``` | Distribution | Location |------------|----------------------------------- | Full | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/> | Light | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/light/> | Minimal | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/minimal/> Usage ----- Because JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, protobuf.js introduces the concept of a **valid message** in order to provide the best possible [performance](#performance) (and, as a side product, proper typings): ### Valid message > A valid message is an object (1) not missing any required fields and (2) exclusively composed of JS types understood by the wire format writer. There are two possible types of valid messages and the encoder is able to work with both of these for convenience: * **Message instances** (explicit instances of message classes with default values on their prototype) always (have to) satisfy the requirements of a valid message by design and * **Plain JavaScript objects** that just so happen to be composed in a way satisfying the requirements of a valid message as well. In a nutshell, the wire format writer understands the following types: | Field type | Expected JS type (create, encode) | Conversion (fromObject) |------------|-----------------------------------|------------------------ | s-/u-/int32<br />s-/fixed32 | `number` (32 bit integer) | <code>value &#124; 0</code> if signed<br />`value >>> 0` if unsigned | s-/u-/int64<br />s-/fixed64 | `Long`-like (optimal)<br />`number` (53 bit integer) | `Long.fromValue(value)` with long.js<br />`parseInt(value, 10)` otherwise | float<br />double | `number` | `Number(value)` | bool | `boolean` | `Boolean(value)` | string | `string` | `String(value)` | bytes | `Uint8Array` (optimal)<br />`Buffer` (optimal under node)<br />`Array.<number>` (8 bit integers) | `base64.decode(value)` if a `string`<br />`Object` with non-zero `.length` is assumed to be buffer-like | enum | `number` (32 bit integer) | Looks up the numeric id if a `string` | message | Valid message | `Message.fromObject(value)` * Explicit `undefined` and `null` are considered as not set if the field is optional. * Repeated fields are `Array.<T>`. * Map fields are `Object.<string,T>` with the key being the string representation of the respective value or an 8 characters long binary hash string for `Long`-likes. * Types marked as *optimal* provide the best performance because no conversion step (i.e. number to low and high bits or base64 string to buffer) is required. ### Toolset With that in mind and again for performance reasons, each message class provides a distinct set of methods with each method doing just one thing. This avoids unnecessary assertions / redundant operations where performance is a concern but also forces a user to perform verification (of plain JavaScript objects that *might* just so happen to be a valid message) explicitly where necessary - for example when dealing with user input. **Note** that `Message` below refers to any message class. * **Message.verify**(message: `Object`): `null|string`<br /> verifies that a **plain JavaScript object** satisfies the requirements of a valid message and thus can be encoded without issues. Instead of throwing, it returns the error message as a string, if any. ```js var payload = "invalid (not an object)"; var err = AwesomeMessage.verify(payload); if (err) throw Error(err); ``` * **Message.encode**(message: `Message|Object` [, writer: `Writer`]): `Writer`<br /> encodes a **message instance** or valid **plain JavaScript object**. This method does not implicitly verify the message and it's up to the user to make sure that the payload is a valid message. ```js var buffer = AwesomeMessage.encode(message).finish(); ``` * **Message.encodeDelimited**(message: `Message|Object` [, writer: `Writer`]): `Writer`<br /> works like `Message.encode` but additionally prepends the length of the message as a vari