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Mineral Clays for Cleaning Tidelines on Paper-Based Artworks

  • Alimatou Desbrière , Anne-Laurence Dupont ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Thalia Bajon-Bouzid and Isabelle Drieu la Rochelle
Published/Copyright: January 16, 2023

Abstract

Clay minerals possess several properties such as ion exchange capability, alkaline pH, adsorptive, swelling, and plastic behaviour, most of which are governed by their interactions with water. They have the capacity to interact with soluble molecules, which is particularly interesting for art conservation treatments. For all these reasons clays deserve to be considered for green and sustainable paper conservation interventions. In this work two phyllosilicates with different properties, namely montmorillonite and sepiolite, were investigated for the removal of tidelines on artificially aged paper samples. Water exchange, cleaning efficiency, and pH were evaluated comparing the clays to gellan gum, a benchmark cleaning hydrogel. A pouch made with regenerated cellulose was used to avoid direct contact of the minerals with the paper. The water sorption capacity of the clays combined with the specific permeability of the cellulosic membrane allowed for a homogeneous and easy to control cleaning. The formation of new tidelines, an inherent risk to any local conservation treatment of paper, was avoided. As an example, sepiolite was used for the local cleaning of a paper-based artwork’s multiple tidelines.

Zusammenfassung

Tonminerale besitzen eine Reihe von Eigenschaften wie Ionenaustauschfähigkeit, alkalischer pH-Wert, adsorptives, quellendes und plastisches Verhalten, von denen die meisten durch ihre Wechselwirkungen mit Wasser bestimmt werden. Sie haben die Fähigkeit, mit löslichen Molekülen zu interagieren, was besonders für die Konservierung von Kunstwerken auf Papier interessant ist. Aus diesen Gründen sind mineralische Tone als umweltfreundliche und nachhaltige Materialien in der Papierkonservierung von Interesse. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei Schichtsilikate mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften, nämlich Montmorillonit und Sepiolith, für die Entfernung von Schwemmrändern auf künstlich gealterten Papierproben untersucht. Wasseraustausch, Reinigungswirkung und pH-Wert wurden im Vergleich zu Gellan, einem häufig für die Reinigung verwendetem Hydrogel, bewertet. Es wurde ein Beutel aus regenerierter Cellulose verwendet, um den direkten Kontakt der Mineralien mit dem Papier zu vermeiden. Die Wasseraufnahmekapazität der Tone in Verbindung mit der spezifischen Durchlässigkeit der Cellulosemembran ermöglichte eine homogene und leicht zu kontrollierende Reinigung. Die Bildung neuer Schwemmränder, ein inhärentes Risiko bei jeder lokalen Konservierungsbehandlung von Papier, wurde vermieden. Als Beispiel wurde Sepiolith für die lokale Reduktion von Schwemmrändern auf einem Kunstwerk auf Papier verwendet.


Corresponding author: Anne-Laurence Dupont, Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation, USR 3224, 36 rue Geoffroy-St-Hilaire, CP 21, Paris 75005, France, E-mail:

Acknowledgements

Warm thanks to Sabrina Paris Lacombe, Oulfa Belhadj and Nathan Ferrandin-Schoffel from CRCC (Centre de Recherches sur la Conservation des Collections) for technical help with fibre identification, XRF and FTIR. Valerie Lee and Anne Genachte-Le Bail from Inp (Institut national du patrimoine) are acknowledged for their curricular support to Alimatou Desbrière. We are grateful also to Jean-Baptiste Delorme and Caroline Bauer from Cnap (Centre national des arts plastiques) for the opportunity to study and do conservation treatments on Roi de pique.

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Published Online: 2023-01-16
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

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