Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
The annual Business demography data collection covers variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The methodology allows for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved (enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not considered).
A summary of the available indicators is listed below. The data is available at EU, country and regional level, with breakdowns for type of activity, legal form and size class.
For the population of active enterprises: • Number of active enterprises • Number of enterprise births • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Number of enterprise deaths • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For the population of active employer enterprises: • Number of enterprises having at least one employee • Number of enterprises having the first employee • Number of enterprises having no employees anymore • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For high-growth enterprises, the following indicators are available at EU and country level: • Number of high-growth enterprises (growth by 10% or more) • Number of employees of high-growth enterprises • Number of young high-growth enterprises (up to five years old high-growth enterprises) • Number of employees of young high-growth enterprise
Since 2021, the economic activities covered by business demography are NACE Rev.2 sections B to N, and P to R and divisions S95 and S96. The total economy is presented as Industry, construction and services (code BTSXO_S94).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
BD constitutes an important and integrated part of the EU Regulation 2019/2152on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation).
Enterprise
The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organizational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.
Enterprise Birth
A birth amounts to the creation of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Births do not include entries into the population due to mergers, break-ups, split off or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include entries into a sub-population resulting only from a change of activity. A birth occurs when an enterprise starts from scratch and actually starts activity. An enterprise creation can be considered an enterprise birth if new production factors, in particular new jobs, are created. If a dormant unit is reactivated within two years, this event is not considered a birth.
Employer Enterprise Birth
Birth of an enterprise with at least one employee. This population consists of enterprise births that have at least one employee any time in the birth year and of enterprises that existed before the year in consideration, but were below the threshold of one employee. In other words, "employer enterprise births" comprise all "enterprise births" of a given year minus the non-employer births of the same year plus former non-employer enterprises that have become employers in the given year. Therefore the dataset on "employer business demography" does not have any size class "0 employees" but usually has higher number of "employer births" particularly in size class "up to 4 employees". As employer enterprise with one employee might be created later in the year, rounded annual average might be 0, however enterprise still belong to employee size class 1 to 4 employees.
Enterprise Death
A count of the number of deaths of market enterprises registered to the population concerned in the business register corrected for errors. A death amounts to the dissolution of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Deaths do not include exits from the population due to mergers, take-overs, break-ups or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include exits from a sub-population resulting only from a change of activity. An enterprise is included in the count of deaths only if it is not reactivated within two years.
Employer enterprise death
An employer enterprise death occurs either as an enterprise death with at least one employee in the year of death or as an exit by decline, moving below the threshold of one employee. This is the opposite event to the employer enterprise birth. "Employer enterprise deaths" comprise all "enterprise deaths" of a given year minus the non-employer deaths of the same year plus former employer enterprises that have become non-employers in the given year. Therefore the dataset on "employer business demography" usually has higher number of "employer deaths" particularly in size class "up to 4 employees" than the complete dataset covering also non-employers in size class "0 employees".
Survival
Enterprise survival as referred to in these characteristics occurs if an enterprise is active in terms of employment and/or turnover and/or investment in the year of birth and the following year(s).
Two types of survival can be distinguished:
An enterprise born in year t-1 is considered to have survived in year t if it is active in terms of turnover and/or employment in any part of year t (= survival without changes).
An enterprise is also considered to have survived if the linked legal unit(s) have ceased to be active, but their activity has been taken over by a new legal unit set up specifically to take over the factors of production of that enterprise (= survival by take-over).
Activity
Activity is defined as any turnover and/or employment and/or investment in the period from 1st January to 31st December in a given year. This definition complements the concept of activity in the Business Registers glossary. In 'employer business demography' an enterprise is considered active as long as it has at least one employee at any moment of year.
High Growth Enterprises
The enterprises having at least 10 employees in year t-3, with average annualised growth in number of employees greater than 10% per annum, over a three-year period (t-3 to t) are characterised as high growth enterprises. Births of enterprises during “t-3” period are not included.
Young High Growth Enterprises (Gazelles)
Gazelles, as a subset of high growth enterprises, must fulfil the additional condition that they belong to the population of enterprise births of period “t-5" or "t-4".
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistical unit is the enterprise.
3.6. Statistical population
The target population is the market enterprises. The frame for BD targed population is defined both from Statistical Business Register (SBR) and Structural Business Statistics (SBS).
As mentioned above, a threshold of 10 employees is used to define the population of high-growth enterprises in the beginning of growth as required by definition. In addition a threshold of age is used for 'gazelles'.
3.7. Reference area
The whole country is covered.
3.8. Coverage - Time
From the reference year 2021, BD data are available following new requirements, according to the EBS regulation.
There is a break in series between 2020 and 2021 as the compilation frame from 2021 is based both on the Statistical Business Register and Structural Business Statistics.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
• The number of active, birth, death and survival enterprises, as well as high-growth enterprises is expressed in units. • The number of employees is counted as head counts and is expressed in units. • The number of persons employed is the sum of number of employees and self-employed persons.
Year 2021.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The legal framework concerning the organization and operation of ELSTAT is as follows:
Greek Statistical Law 3832/2010 (Government Gazette No 38, Issue Α): "Hellenic Statistical System Establishment of the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) as an Independent Authority", as amended and in force
Regulation on the Operation and Administration of the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), 2012, (Government Gazette No 2390, Issue B, 28-8-2012)
Regulation on the Statistical Obligations of the agencies of the Hellenic Statistical System, (Government Gazette No 4083, Issue B, 20-12-2016)
Greek Commitment on Confidence in Statistics (Government Gazette 40 A, 29.02.2012)
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, on the European statistics (Official Journal of the European Union L 87/164), as amended by Regulation (EU) 2015/759.
European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP) - revised edition 2017
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation - GDPR)
Presidential Decree 73/2019 (Government Gazette No 114, Issue Α,04.07.2019): “Organization of the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT)” (Available only in Greek)
Law 4624/2019 (Government Gazette Α΄137 / 29.08.2019) “Hellenic Data Protection Authority, measures implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 for the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and transposition
(into national law) Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 and other provisions " (Available only in Greek)
Commission regulation (EC) No 250/2009 of 11 March 2009 implementing regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the definitions of characteristics, the technical format for the transmission of data, the double reporting requirements for NACE Rev.1.1 and NACE Rev.2 and derogations to be granted for structural business statistics
Commisson regulation (EC) No 251/2009 of 11 March 2009 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the series of data to be produced for structural business statistics and the adaptations necessary after the revision of the statistical classification of products by activity (CPA)
Commission implementing regulation (EU) No 439/2014 of 29 April 2014 ensures data collection on employer enterprises (with at least one employee), high-growth enterprises (more than 10% annual growth over three years) and their employment.
Commission regulation (EC) No 446/2014 of 2 May 2014 amending Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning structural business statistics, and Commission Regulations (EC) No 251/2009 and (EU) No 275/2010, as regards the series of data to be produced and the criteria for evaluation of the quality of structural business statistics.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
No data sharing.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The issues concerning the observance of statistical confidentiality by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) are arranged by articles 7, 8 and 9 of the Law 3832/2010 as in force, by Articles 8, 10 and 11(2) of the Regulation on Statistical Obligations of the agencies of the Hellenic Statistical System and by Articles 10 and 15 of the Regulation on the Operation and Administration of ELSTAT.
More precisely:
ELSTAT disseminates the statistics in compliance with the statistical principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice and in particular with the principle of statistical confidentiality.
ELSTAT abides by the commitments and obligations arising from the applicable EU and national legislation on the protection of the individual from the processing of personal data and the relevant decisions, guidelines and regulatory acts of the Hellenic Data Protection Authority.
Pursuant to the Regulation on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data [Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 (General Data Protection Regulation - GDPR)], ELSTAT implements the appropriate technical and organisational measures for ensuring adequate level of security against risks for the personal data it collects and has access to, in the context of carrying out its tasks, in order to meet the requirements of this Regulation and to protect these personal data from any unauthorised access or illegal processing.
The personal data collected by ELSTAT are used exclusively for purposes related to the conduct of surveys and the production of relevant statistics. Only ELSTAT has access to the data. The controller is the person appointed by law pursuant to the relevant provisions concerning the Legal Entities of Public Law and the Independent Authorities. The data are stored in the databases of ELSTAT for as long as required by the relevant legislation.
Business Demography statistics are treated both for primary and secondary confidentiality, using a special software that has been developed internally.
7.2.1. Confidentiality rules (primary and secondary)
Data treatment
Remarks
Confidentiality rules applied
Yes
Threshold of number of enterprises (Number)
The threshold of number of enterprises for confidentiality is two (2)
Number of enterprises non confidential, if number of employments is confidential
No
Dominance criteria applied
No
If dominance criteria is applied, specify the threshold (in %) and the method of applying the dominance rules
Secondary confidentiality applied
Yes
If secondary confidentiality is applied, explain the rules and the methods used
Following the implementation of the primary confidentiality, the data are then treated for secondary confidentiality. In order to ensure the dissemination of data at higher level, extra cell(s) at lower level is/are flagged as confidential. The same confidentiality pattern between related series is implemented for consistency reasons. Moreover, there is a special treatment for aggregates.
7.2.2. Measures taken to reduce the number of confidential cells
Remarks
Measures taken to reduce the number of confidential cells
No
If measures have been taken, describe them briefly
Impact of these measures
Not applicable
8.1. Release calendar
Each year ELSTAT publishes a release calendar with the exact release dates of statistics for the following year.
8.2. Release calendar access
The calendar is distributed to the press and is available to all interested parties free of charge. This calendar is also posted on ELSTAT's website (www.statistics.gr) under item “Press Releases Calendar”.
ELSTAT may grant researchers conducting statistical analyses for scientific purposes access to data that enable the indirect identification of the statistical units concerned. The access is granted provided the following conditions are satisfied:
a) an appropriate request together with a detailed research proposal in conformity with current scientific standards have been submitted;
b) the research proposal indicates in sufficient detail the legitimate purpose of the research, the set of data to be accessed, the methods of analyzing them, the persons who will have access to the data and the time needed for the research;
c) a contract specifying the conditions for access, the obligations of the researchers, the measures for respecting the confidentiality of statistical data and the sanctions in case of breach of these obligations has been signed by the individual researcher, by his / her institution, or by the organization commissioning the research, as the case may be, and by ELSTAT.
BD statistics can be found in the online database of Eurostat in the folder "Business demography".
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not requested.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not applicable.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not applicable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The BD Statistics are produced in accordance with regulations presented under section 6.1. The methodology followed takes into account international practices and, in particular, Eurostat − OECD Manual on Business Demography Statistics.
Analytical information on the compilation of the BD statistics, is available on the relevant metadata file, available in ELSTAT's website, under section Business Demography.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not requested.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
BD statistics are checked via specialized software, which incorporates quality checks.
11.1. Quality assurance
As already mentioned under section 3.6 the frame for BD statistics is defined both from Statistical Business Register (SBR) and Structural Business Statistics (SBS). Moreover, the methodology followed takes into account international practices and, in particular, Eurostat − OECD Manual on Business Demography Statistics.
Quality controls are carried out at all stages of the compilation of the SBR. The data used are mainly derived from administrative sources and as a result audits include, in principle, completeness checks and identification of incorrect data transmitted from administrative sources. Quality controls are also carried out during the whole SBS process.
Then logical checks for data consistency over time and comparability with other sources take place.
Logical checks for data consistency over time are also carried out at the level of the aggregated business demography data.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Business Demography (BD) statistics are of high quality as:
Quality checks and validation of data are carried out during the compilation of the National Statistical Business Register (NSBR) and of the Structural Business Statistics (SBS), on which the compilation of BD statistics is based.
Quality checks and validation of data are carried out at the level of the aggregated BD statistics
The BD concepts and the definitions of variables, as well as the methodology applied follow European Standards as described under section 10.6.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The main national users of Business Demography statistics are:
Central Government and public entities
Enterprises and chambers
Scientific community
Press and other Media
Hellenic Statistical Authority
Individual users
At international level, the main user is EUROSTAT and other international organizations.
Business demography statistics provide policy relevant information of the economic contribution in terms of employment of newly born enterprises, enterprises surviving their first years of activity as well as high growth enterprises and young high growth enterprises. For each business demographic event, employment variables are available to quantify their importance. The data are also used to reveal specific demographic patterns by economic activity of enterprises, legal form and employment size class.
All mandatory statistics, according to EU regulation 2019/2152 on European business statistics (EBS) and EU regulation 2020/1197 on technical specifications and arrangements (general implementing act) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152, are compiled.
The compilation of Business Demography statistics is based on data from the Statistical Business Register and Structural Business Statistics.
The main issues regarding accuracy of the data are as follows:
Misclassification of economic activity
Overestimation of employment, from specific administrative sources
The actions taken to improve accuracy of the data are as follows:
Changes in the economic activity of statistically significant enterprises are checked on the basis of published financial statements and survey data.
Information on employment from administrative sources is cross-checked in case of statistically significant enterprises presenting high rate of change in the relevant variable.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not requested.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not requested.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not requested.
14.1. Timeliness
According to EU regulation 2019/2152 on European business statistics (EBS) and EU regulation 2020/1197 on technical specifications and arrangements (general implementing act) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 BD statistics are transmitted to EUROSTAT as follows:
T+12 months: preliminary high-growth enterprises
T+18 months: active, birth and survival enterprises; preliminary death enterprises; final high-growth enterprises
T+20 months: active, birth and survival employer enterprises; preliminary death employer enterprises
T+22 months: regional level data
T+30 months: final death enterprises
T+32 months: final death employer enterprises
T+34 months: final regional death enterprises
ELSTAT also disseminates data on Business Demography statistics for reference period "t" through a dedicated announcement in October of "t+2" year. The relevant announcement for the reference period 2021, entitled “Business Demography 2021” was disseminated on 31 October 2023.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
The BD data are comparable for the reference years 2008 to 2020. In 2021 there is a break in series as different frame for the compilation of BD is used (see section 3.6).
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The BD data are comparable for the reference years 2008 to 2020. In 2021 there is a break in series as different frame for the compilation of BD is used (see section 3.6).
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
BD statistics are aligned with SBS statistics, as the frame used for the compilation of BD is based both on NSBR and SBS.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not requested.
15.4. Coherence - internal
There is internal coherence, regarding the aggregates of economic activities, legal forms and size class according to the level of employment. Coherence also exists between related series at national and regional level (linked tables).
In general, BD data collection does not impose additional burden and cost, as the basic information is available in the NSBR and SBS.
17.1. Data revision - policy
The Revision Policy of ELSTAT lays down standard rules and principles for data revisions, in accordance with the European Statistics Code of Practice and the principles for a common revision policy for European Statistics contained in the Annex of the European Statistical System (ESS) guidelines on revision policy.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Not applicable for 2021.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
The frame for the Business Demography statistics occurs from the combination of SBS and NSBR.
18.1.1. Concepts and sources
All information needed for the compilation of BD statistics is available in the framework that occurs from the combination of SBR and SBS data. The compilation of SBR is based on data from surveys conducted by ELSTAT and administrative sources. Imputation or estimation process is not appied in SBR and BD.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annually
18.3. Data collection
There is no data collection included in the compilation of BD statistics, as it is based on the NSBR and SBS.
18.3.1. Data matching
For the compilation of the BD series transmitted to Eurostat a program developed specifically for the needs of BD statistics is used, which incorporates all relevant methodology and matching rules.
The specific program allows for the automatic calculation of the data and respective aggregates.
18.3.2. Manual checks
Births and deaths of statistically significant enterprises are further checked, in order to verify the results.
18.4. Data validation
Data are pre-validated before transmitted to Eurostat via a specialized tool, incorporating all checks regarding the internal coherence of BD statistics, such as the correct calculation of the aggregates or coherence between different variables. Finally, coherence between related series is also examined.
18.5. Data compilation
For the compilation of the BD series transmitted to Eurostat a program developed specifically for the needs of BD statistics is used, which incorporates all relevant methodology.
The specific program allows for the automatic calculation of the data and respective aggregates.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
No comment
The annual Business demography data collection covers variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The methodology allows for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved (enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not considered).
A summary of the available indicators is listed below. The data is available at EU, country and regional level, with breakdowns for type of activity, legal form and size class.
For the population of active enterprises: • Number of active enterprises • Number of enterprise births • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Number of enterprise deaths • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For the population of active employer enterprises: • Number of enterprises having at least one employee • Number of enterprises having the first employee • Number of enterprises having no employees anymore • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For high-growth enterprises, the following indicators are available at EU and country level: • Number of high-growth enterprises (growth by 10% or more) • Number of employees of high-growth enterprises • Number of young high-growth enterprises (up to five years old high-growth enterprises) • Number of employees of young high-growth enterprise
26 February 2024
BD constitutes an important and integrated part of the EU Regulation 2019/2152on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation).
Enterprise
The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organizational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.
Enterprise Birth
A birth amounts to the creation of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Births do not include entries into the population due to mergers, break-ups, split off or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include entries into a sub-population resulting only from a change of activity. A birth occurs when an enterprise starts from scratch and actually starts activity. An enterprise creation can be considered an enterprise birth if new production factors, in particular new jobs, are created. If a dormant unit is reactivated within two years, this event is not considered a birth.
Employer Enterprise Birth
Birth of an enterprise with at least one employee. This population consists of enterprise births that have at least one employee any time in the birth year and of enterprises that existed before the year in consideration, but were below the threshold of one employee. In other words, "employer enterprise births" comprise all "enterprise births" of a given year minus the non-employer births of the same year plus former non-employer enterprises that have become employers in the given year. Therefore the dataset on "employer business demography" does not have any size class "0 employees" but usually has higher number of "employer births" particularly in size class "up to 4 employees". As employer enterprise with one employee might be created later in the year, rounded annual average might be 0, however enterprise still belong to employee size class 1 to 4 employees.
Enterprise Death
A count of the number of deaths of market enterprises registered to the population concerned in the business register corrected for errors. A death amounts to the dissolution of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Deaths do not include exits from the population due to mergers, take-overs, break-ups or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include exits from a sub-population resulting only from a change of activity. An enterprise is included in the count of deaths only if it is not reactivated within two years.
Employer enterprise death
An employer enterprise death occurs either as an enterprise death with at least one employee in the year of death or as an exit by decline, moving below the threshold of one employee. This is the opposite event to the employer enterprise birth. "Employer enterprise deaths" comprise all "enterprise deaths" of a given year minus the non-employer deaths of the same year plus former employer enterprises that have become non-employers in the given year. Therefore the dataset on "employer business demography" usually has higher number of "employer deaths" particularly in size class "up to 4 employees" than the complete dataset covering also non-employers in size class "0 employees".
Survival
Enterprise survival as referred to in these characteristics occurs if an enterprise is active in terms of employment and/or turnover and/or investment in the year of birth and the following year(s).
Two types of survival can be distinguished:
An enterprise born in year t-1 is considered to have survived in year t if it is active in terms of turnover and/or employment in any part of year t (= survival without changes).
An enterprise is also considered to have survived if the linked legal unit(s) have ceased to be active, but their activity has been taken over by a new legal unit set up specifically to take over the factors of production of that enterprise (= survival by take-over).
Activity
Activity is defined as any turnover and/or employment and/or investment in the period from 1st January to 31st December in a given year. This definition complements the concept of activity in the Business Registers glossary. In 'employer business demography' an enterprise is considered active as long as it has at least one employee at any moment of year.
High Growth Enterprises
The enterprises having at least 10 employees in year t-3, with average annualised growth in number of employees greater than 10% per annum, over a three-year period (t-3 to t) are characterised as high growth enterprises. Births of enterprises during “t-3” period are not included.
Young High Growth Enterprises (Gazelles)
Gazelles, as a subset of high growth enterprises, must fulfil the additional condition that they belong to the population of enterprise births of period “t-5" or "t-4".
The statistical unit is the enterprise.
The target population is the market enterprises. The frame for BD targed population is defined both from Statistical Business Register (SBR) and Structural Business Statistics (SBS).
As mentioned above, a threshold of 10 employees is used to define the population of high-growth enterprises in the beginning of growth as required by definition. In addition a threshold of age is used for 'gazelles'.
• The number of active, birth, death and survival enterprises, as well as high-growth enterprises is expressed in units. • The number of employees is counted as head counts and is expressed in units. • The number of persons employed is the sum of number of employees and self-employed persons.
For the compilation of the BD series transmitted to Eurostat a program developed specifically for the needs of BD statistics is used, which incorporates all relevant methodology.
The specific program allows for the automatic calculation of the data and respective aggregates.
The frame for the Business Demography statistics occurs from the combination of SBS and NSBR.
Annually.
According to EU regulation 2019/2152 on European business statistics (EBS) and EU regulation 2020/1197 on technical specifications and arrangements (general implementing act) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 BD statistics are transmitted to EUROSTAT as follows:
T+12 months: preliminary high-growth enterprises
T+18 months: active, birth and survival enterprises; preliminary death enterprises; final high-growth enterprises
T+20 months: active, birth and survival employer enterprises; preliminary death employer enterprises
T+22 months: regional level data
T+30 months: final death enterprises
T+32 months: final death employer enterprises
T+34 months: final regional death enterprises
ELSTAT also disseminates data on Business Demography statistics for reference period "t" through a dedicated announcement in October of "t+2" year. The relevant announcement for the reference period 2021, entitled “Business Demography 2021” was disseminated on 31 October 2023.
The BD data are comparable for the reference years 2008 to 2020. In 2021 there is a break in series as different frame for the compilation of BD is used (see section 3.6).
