Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Devlet Mah. Necatibey Cd. No:114 Çankaya/Ankara/Turkey
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication
1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication
1.8. Contact fax number
Restricted from publication
2.1. Metadata last certified
15 April 2024
2.2. Metadata last posted
15 April 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
15 April 2024
3.1. Data description
The annual Business demography data collection covers variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The methodology allows for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved (enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not considered).
A summary of the available indicators is listed below. The data is available at EU, country and regional level, with breakdowns for type of activity, legal form and size class.
For the population of active enterprises: • Number of active enterprises • Number of enterprise births • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Number of enterprise deaths • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For the population of active employer enterprises: • Number of enterprises having at least one employee • Number of enterprises having the first employee • Number of enterprises having no employees anymore • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For high-growth enterprises, the following indicators are available at EU and country level: • Number of high-growth enterprises (growth by 10% or more) • Number of employees of high-growth enterprises • Number of young high-growth enterprises (up to five years old high-growth enterprises) • Number of employees of young high-growth enterprise
3.2. Classification system
From 2008 onwards NACE Rev.2 classification (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community) is used for all indicators.
Starting with reference year 2021, BD data cover the economic activities of market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96. The total economy is presented as Industry, construction and services (code BTSXO_S94).
For the reference years 2008-2020, data for the Sections P, Q, R and S were provided on a voluntary basis and K64.2 was not covered.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
BD constitutes an important and integrated part of the EU Regulation 2019/2152 on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation).
3.5. Statistical unit
Enterprise
3.6. Statistical population
The target population is the private sector economy, including all active enterprises.
In terms of Institutional Sector Classification S.13 and S.15 are not included in the active population of enterprises for a reference year.
In terms of Nace Classification sector B to S for a reference year.
3.7. Reference area
Türkiye
3.8. Coverage - Time
SBR data is available from 2005 onwards without turnover and employee figures.
For the year 2005-2008, NACE Rev. 1.1 was used . From 2009 onwards NACE Rev.2 has been used. As a remark, turnover and employee figures are not available before 2009, therefore the BD data can not be sent for previous years of 2009.
3.9. Base period
[Not applicable]
• The number of active, birth, death and survival enterprises, as well as high-growth enterprises is expressed in units. • The number of employees is counted as head counts and is expressed in units. • The number of persons employed is the sum of number of employees and self-employed persons. • The number of self-employed persons is the average number of persons who were at some time during the reference period the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work, measured in annual average headcounts, expressed in units. • Derived indicators are expressed in units or percentages
2021
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Before reference year 2021, EU Regulation 2008/295 on structural business statistics, Annex IX, was providing a legal basis for the BD data collection. The Commission implementing EU Regulation 2014/439 ensured data collection on employer enterprises (with at least one employee), high-growth enterprises (more than 10% annual growth over three years) and their employment.
Up to reference year 2006 data have been collected under gentlemen's agreement within the context of the development of Structural Business Statistics.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
[Not applicable]
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
What is the national legislation describing the statistical confidentiality?
Number of enterprises figure is not confidential according to Turkish Statistical Law. However, the number of enterprises by size class is exposed to the confidentiality rules. Besides, number of employee and number of persons employed figures are confidential. Related to this, confidentiality rules are applied.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
3 is the threshold for the number of enterprises below which the related employment variables are confidential
7.2.1. Confidentiality rules (primary and secondary)
Data treatment
Remarks
Confidentiality rules applied
yes
Threshold of number of enterprises (Number)
3
Number of enterprises non confidential, if number of employments is confidential
yes
Dominance criteria applied
no
If dominance criteria is applied, specify the threshold (in %) and the method of applying the dominance rules
Secondary confidentiality applied
yes
If secondary confidentiality is applied, explain the rules and the methods used
When a secondary confidentiality is applied, we flag any value which can disclose the aggregates. So that a complete confidentiality pattern is provided. When a secondary confidentiality is applied, we flag the minimum value under the aggragates.
7.2.2. Measures taken to reduce the number of confidential cells
Remarks
Measures taken to reduce the number of confidential cells
yes
If measures have been taken, describe them briefly
If there are two minimums in an aggregate, just one of them is flagged as long as it does not lead to a disclosure.
Impact of these measures
very good
8.1. Release calendar
December 2023
8.2. Release calendar access
There is a press release named "Entrepreneurship and Business Demography Bulletin" and calendar is scheduled and informed to all public authorities.
8.3. Release policy - user access
Anybody who has special data requests can have authorization to the data at micro level by visiting Data Research Center in the TurkStat buildings. This allows them to be able to generate different indicators according to their own approach. Researchers can publish their results according to the confidentiality rules of TurkStat.
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Online bulletin. December of every year for the referance year
TURKSTAT adopts quality criterias mentioned in code of practice for all quality criterias.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
No principle quality problems in Turkish BD in terms of quality aspects; Relevance, Accuracy,Timeliness and Punctuality, Coherence and Comparability
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Internal users are SBS department in TURKSTAT, Small and Medium Scaled Industry Development and Support Directorate, media and researchers.
External user is Eurostat.
Nace section A also included and figures on enterprises born in manufacturing sector according to technology level are given differently from the datasets transmitted to Eurostat because of the requests of internal users.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
No user satisfaction survey
12.3. Completeness
No preliminary datasets are provided.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
85% from all required BD data for year 2021, out of them completeness rate for final data is 100%, missing preliminary data.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
[Not requested]
13.2. Sampling error
[Not applicable]
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
[Not applicable]
13.3. Non-sampling error
Smaller than 0.1% for both overcoveage and undercoverage
13.3.1. Coverage error
[Not requested]
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
[Not requested]
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
[Not requested]
13.3.2. Measurement error
[Not applicable]
13.3.3. Non response error
[Not applicable]
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
[Not applicable]
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
[Not applicable]
13.3.4. Processing error
No processing problem.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
[Not requested]
14.1. Timeliness
SBR is updated daily and an annual frame is frozen after all tax declerations are completed. BD populations are produced just after the frame is frozen.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
[Not requested]
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
[Not requested]
14.2. Punctuality
Death indicators are submitted with a delay of two years.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
[Not requested]
The same population have been used for both BD and SBS since 2021 reference year. So there is no coherence issue between BD and SBS indicators.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
[Not requested]
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
[Not applicable]
15.2. Comparability - over time
a) First reference year available (calendar year): From 2009
b) Breaks in time series and reasons for the breaks: No breaks
c) Outliers in time series: No outliers
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
All years are comperable because there are no breaks in series.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
There is no coherence problem between BD and SBS figures on employent and enterprises, because the same population is used for both BD and SBS from 2021 reference year.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
[Not applicable]
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
[Not requested]
15.4. Coherence - internal
[Not requested]
[Not requested]
17.1. Data revision - policy
There is no data revision policy.
17.2. Data revision - practice
No revisions are applied
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
No revision
18.1. Source data
a) Type of data source: Administrative data
b) Coverage of SBR (Statistical Business Register): Excluding public administration and defense; compulsory social security sector, Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods-and services-producing activities of households for own use, Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies; BR covers whole sector, all legal forms and geographically whole Turkey according to NACE Rev. 2 classification.
c) Matching, profiling or imputation: The continuity rules are applied for realizing the demography of units. However, due to the lack of quality in address components, matching steps cannot be applied effectively. While calculating the number of persons employed, an imputation procedure is applied according to the legal forms.
18.1.1. Concepts and sources
Imputations are done only for unpaid emploment in SBR and nothing done extra for BD.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annually
18.3. Data collection
Direct access to an administrative data base by daily web services
18.3.1. Data matching
a) Data matching process and tools: There is no common identifier problem in source data coming from different administrative bodies. Thus, we don't use matching tools and techniques.
b) Matching: The main activity of enterprises in BR is assigned according to Topdown approach. Whatever the Topdown results in, it is accepted as the main activity code. Moving in or out of scope through the years is not treated with any special check.
No matching steps are applied
18.3.2. Manual checks
There is no manual check in this process.
18.4. Data validation
Before sending to Eurostat, the following checks are performed: hierarchical, inter-variable plausibility, confidential and completeness.
18.5. Data compilation
No estimation in BD compilation. Only imputation is applied for unpaid employees in SBR.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
[Not requested]
18.6. Adjustment
[Not applicable]
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
[Not applicable]
The annual Business demography data collection covers variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The methodology allows for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved (enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not considered).
A summary of the available indicators is listed below. The data is available at EU, country and regional level, with breakdowns for type of activity, legal form and size class.
For the population of active enterprises: • Number of active enterprises • Number of enterprise births • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Number of enterprise deaths • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For the population of active employer enterprises: • Number of enterprises having at least one employee • Number of enterprises having the first employee • Number of enterprises having no employees anymore • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For high-growth enterprises, the following indicators are available at EU and country level: • Number of high-growth enterprises (growth by 10% or more) • Number of employees of high-growth enterprises • Number of young high-growth enterprises (up to five years old high-growth enterprises) • Number of employees of young high-growth enterprise
15 April 2024
BD constitutes an important and integrated part of the EU Regulation 2019/2152 on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation).
Enterprise
The target population is the private sector economy, including all active enterprises.
In terms of Institutional Sector Classification S.13 and S.15 are not included in the active population of enterprises for a reference year.
In terms of Nace Classification sector B to S for a reference year.
Türkiye
2021
[Not requested]
• The number of active, birth, death and survival enterprises, as well as high-growth enterprises is expressed in units. • The number of employees is counted as head counts and is expressed in units. • The number of persons employed is the sum of number of employees and self-employed persons. • The number of self-employed persons is the average number of persons who were at some time during the reference period the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work, measured in annual average headcounts, expressed in units. • Derived indicators are expressed in units or percentages
No estimation in BD compilation. Only imputation is applied for unpaid employees in SBR.
a) Type of data source: Administrative data
b) Coverage of SBR (Statistical Business Register): Excluding public administration and defense; compulsory social security sector, Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods-and services-producing activities of households for own use, Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies; BR covers whole sector, all legal forms and geographically whole Turkey according to NACE Rev. 2 classification.
c) Matching, profiling or imputation: The continuity rules are applied for realizing the demography of units. However, due to the lack of quality in address components, matching steps cannot be applied effectively. While calculating the number of persons employed, an imputation procedure is applied according to the legal forms.
Annual
SBR is updated daily and an annual frame is frozen after all tax declerations are completed. BD populations are produced just after the frame is frozen.
[Not requested]
a) First reference year available (calendar year): From 2009
b) Breaks in time series and reasons for the breaks: No breaks
