Euro area and EU government deficit at 3.1% of GDP
Overview
In the euro area the government deficit to GDP ratio decreased from 3.5% in 2023 to 3.1% in 2024, and in the EU from 3.4% to 3.1%. In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio slightly increased from 87.0% at the end of 2023 to 87.1% at the end of 2024, and in the EU from 80.5% to 80.7%.
In this release, Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, is providing government deficit and debt data for the years 2021-2024, based on figures reported by EU Member States in the second notification in 2025, for the application of the excessive deficit procedure (EDP). This notification is based on the ESA 2010 system of national accounts. This release also includes data on government expenditure and revenue.
Deficit and debt data for Euro area and EU |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
Euro area |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
12 618 700 |
13 757 926 |
14 663 652 |
15 231 315 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-643 662 |
-466 775 |
-513 481 |
-466 620 |
% of GDP |
-5.1 |
-3.4 |
-3.5 |
-3.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
52.0 |
49.9 |
49.4 |
49.5 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.9 |
46.5 |
45.9 |
46.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
11 838 348 |
12 286 967 |
12 750 512 |
13 263 357 |
% of GDP |
93.8 |
89.3 |
87.0 |
87.1 |
|
EU |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
14 792 289 |
16 169 776 |
17 257 316 |
18 015 434 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-683 853 |
-510 836 |
-593 212 |
-565 922 |
% of GDP |
-4.6 |
-3.2 |
-3.4 |
-3.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
51.2 |
49.2 |
48.9 |
49.2 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.5 |
46.0 |
45.5 |
46.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
12 829 600 |
13 315 508 |
13 894 848 |
14 546 564 |
% of GDP |
86.7 |
82.3 |
80.5 |
80.7 |
|
|
|||||
In 2024, all Member States, except Denmark (+4.5%), Cyprus (+4.1%), Ireland (+4.0%), Greece (+1.2%), Luxembourg (+0.9%) and Portugal (+0.5%), reported a deficit. The highest deficits were recorded in Romania (‑9.3%), Poland (-6.5%), France (‑5.8%) and Slovakia (-5.5%). Twelve Member States had deficits equal to or higher than 3% of GDP.
At the end of 2024, the lowest ratios of government debt to GDP were recorded in Estonia (23.5%), Bulgaria (23.8%), Luxembourg (26.3%), Denmark (30.5%), Sweden (34.0%) and Lithuania (38.0%). Twelve Member States had government debt ratios higher than 60% of GDP, with the highest registered in Greece (154.2%), Italy (134.9%), France (113.2%), Belgium (103.9%) and Spain (101.6%).
In 2024, government total expenditure to GDP ratio in the euro area stood at 49.5% of GDP and government total revenue to GDP ratio stood at 46.4%. The figures for the EU were 49.2% and 46.0%, respectively. Government revenue and expenditure ratios increased both in the euro area and the EU, compared to 2023.
Reservations on reported data
Eurostat has no reservations on the data reported by Member States.
Amendment by Eurostat to reported data
Eurostat has made no amendments to the data reported by Member States.
Tables
GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
||
Belgium |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
506 047 |
561 309 |
602 376 |
620 272 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-27 336 |
-20 217 |
-24 134 |
-27 059 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.4 |
-3.6 |
-4.0 |
-4.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
54.9 |
52.5 |
52.8 |
54.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
49.5 |
48.9 |
48.8 |
49.7 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
550 279 |
580 297 |
617 112 |
644 398 |
(% of GDP) |
108.7 |
103.4 |
102.4 |
103.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
8 744 |
8 567 |
8 357 |
8 059 |
(% of GDP) |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Bulgaria |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million BGN) |
139 537 |
168 354 |
184 875 |
204 907 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million BGN) |
-5 526 |
-4 942 |
-3 683 |
-6 240 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.0 |
-2.9 |
-2.0 |
-3.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
41.5 |
41.3 |
38.9 |
39.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
37.6 |
38.4 |
36.9 |
36.1 |
Government debt |
(million BGN) |
33 279 |
37 855 |
42 393 |
48 851 |
(% of GDP) |
23.8 |
22.5 |
22.9 |
23.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million BGN) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Czechia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million CZK) |
6 307 755 |
7 049 872 |
7 659 655 |
8 057 032 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million CZK) |
-312 308 |
-216 345 |
-286 066 |
-163 487 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.0 |
-3.1 |
-3.7 |
-2.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
45.0 |
43.0 |
43.7 |
42.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
40.1 |
39.9 |
40.0 |
40.8 |
Government debt |
(million CZK) |
2 566 752 |
2 997 632 |
3 234 102 |
3 488 471 |
(% of GDP) |
40.7 |
42.5 |
42.2 |
43.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million CZK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Denmark |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million DKK) |
2 553 261 |
2 831 270 |
2 787 930 |
2 926 878 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million DKK) |
104 126 |
95 960 |
95 630 |
130 501 |
(% of GDP) |
4.1 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
4.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.7 |
45.1 |
47.4 |
47.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
53.8 |
48.5 |
50.8 |
51.8 |
Government debt |
(million DKK) |
1 011 796 |
943 250 |
919 014 |
893 977 |
(% of GDP) |
39.6 |
33.3 |
33.0 |
30.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million DKK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
3 682 340 |
3 989 390 |
4 219 310 |
4 328 970 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-116 630 |
-76 138 |
-105 249 |
-115 295 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.2 |
-1.9 |
-2.5 |
-2.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
50.7 |
48.6 |
48.1 |
49.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
47.5 |
46.7 |
45.7 |
46.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 501 719 |
2 569 046 |
2 630 570 |
2 693 780 |
(% of GDP) |
67.9 |
64.4 |
62.3 |
62.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
68 128 |
66 900 |
65 755 |
62 928 |
(% of GDP) |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
31 453 |
36 301 |
38 353 |
39 848 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-796 |
-359 |
-1 049 |
-689 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.5 |
-1.0 |
-2.7 |
-1.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
42.1 |
40.0 |
43.1 |
44.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.6 |
39.0 |
40.3 |
42.2 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
5 795 |
6 965 |
7 736 |
9 353 |
(% of GDP) |
18.4 |
19.2 |
20.2 |
23.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
480 |
482 |
481 |
481 |
(% of GDP) |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
Ireland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
448 445 |
520 718 |
524 729 |
562 794 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-5 864 |
8 235 |
7 159 |
22 605 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.3 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
4.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
23.5 |
20.7 |
22.2 |
22.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
22.2 |
22.2 |
23.6 |
26.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
235 182 |
223 610 |
219 079 |
215 380 |
(% of GDP) |
52.4 |
42.9 |
41.8 |
38.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
318 |
284 |
249 |
197 |
(% of GDP) |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
184 575 |
207 009 |
224 686 |
236 736 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-13 365 |
-5 324 |
-3 235 |
2 911 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.2 |
-2.6 |
-1.4 |
1.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
56.7 |
53.1 |
49.6 |
48.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
49.5 |
50.5 |
48.2 |
49.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
364 141 |
368 005 |
369 110 |
364 965 |
(% of GDP) |
197.3 |
177.8 |
164.3 |
154.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
1 235 474 |
1 375 863 |
1 497 761 |
1 594 330 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-82 174 |
-63 105 |
-50 027 |
-51 267 |
(% of GDP) |
-6.7 |
-4.6 |
-3.3 |
-3.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.5 |
46.3 |
45.4 |
45.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
42.8 |
41.7 |
42.1 |
42.3 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
1 429 404 |
1 504 105 |
1 575 377 |
1 620 573 |
(% of GDP) |
115.7 |
109.3 |
105.2 |
101.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
29 867 |
29 329 |
28 608 |
27 589 |
(% of GDP) |
2.4 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
|
France |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
2 508 102 |
2 653 997 |
2 826 542 |
2 919 900 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-165 149 |
-125 896 |
-151 709 |
-169 655 |
(% of GDP) |
-6.6 |
-4.7 |
-5.4 |
-5.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
59.5 |
58.4 |
56.9 |
57.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
52.9 |
53.7 |
51.5 |
51.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 828 781 |
2 955 639 |
3 102 542 |
3 305 262 |
(% of GDP) |
112.8 |
111.4 |
109.8 |
113.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
51 150 |
50 228 |
48 993 |
47 248 |
(% of GDP) |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
Croatia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
58 343 |
67 613 |
79 186 |
85 905 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 501 |
95 |
-622 |
-1 673 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.6 |
0.1 |
-0.8 |
-1.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
48.2 |
45.0 |
46.3 |
48.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
45.6 |
45.2 |
45.5 |
46.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
45 629 |
46 347 |
48 264 |
49 284 |
(% of GDP) |
78.2 |
68.5 |
60.9 |
57.4 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
1 842 507 |
1 998 073 |
2 142 602 |
2 199 619 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-163 535 |
-161 859 |
-153 305 |
-73 937 |
(% of GDP) |
-8.9 |
-8.1 |
-7.2 |
-3.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
56.0 |
54.9 |
53.6 |
50.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
47.2 |
46.8 |
46.5 |
47.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 686 729 |
2 764 453 |
2 869 938 |
2 966 915 |
(% of GDP) |
145.8 |
138.4 |
133.9 |
134.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
44 932 |
44 122 |
43 037 |
41 503 |
(% of GDP) |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Cyprus |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
25 680 |
29 645 |
32 439 |
34 770 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-407 |
795 |
555 |
1 439 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.6 |
2.7 |
1.7 |
4.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
42.7 |
37.7 |
40.6 |
38.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.1 |
40.4 |
42.4 |
42.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
24 776 |
23 813 |
23 080 |
21 823 |
(% of GDP) |
96.5 |
80.3 |
71.1 |
62.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
364 |
355 |
343 |
327 |
(% of GDP) |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
|
Latvia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
32 284 |
36 089 |
39 564 |
40 359 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-2 331 |
-1 754 |
-934 |
-732 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.2 |
-4.9 |
-2.4 |
-1.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
46.5 |
44.2 |
43.4 |
45.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.3 |
39.4 |
41.1 |
43.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
14 810 |
16 039 |
17 579 |
18 801 |
(% of GDP) |
45.9 |
44.4 |
44.4 |
46.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Lithuania |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
56 709 |
67 081 |
74 317 |
78 996 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-652 |
-482 |
-493 |
-1 012 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.1 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-1.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
37.3 |
36.5 |
37.2 |
39.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
36.2 |
35.8 |
36.5 |
38.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
24 570 |
25 703 |
27 581 |
29 992 |
(% of GDP) |
43.3 |
38.3 |
37.1 |
38.0 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Luxembourg |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
73 039 |
76 731 |
82 115 |
86 180 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
814 |
164 |
-538 |
766 |
(% of GDP) |
1.1 |
0.2 |
-0.7 |
0.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
42.4 |
44.3 |
46.4 |
46.8 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
43.5 |
44.5 |
45.7 |
47.7 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
17 664 |
19 107 |
20 268 |
22 649 |
(% of GDP) |
24.2 |
24.9 |
24.7 |
26.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
667 |
656 |
640 |
619 |
(% of GDP) |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
|
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million HUF) |
55 560 466 |
65 950 424 |
75 292 668 |
81 447 664 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million HUF) |
-3 950 388 |
-4 082 786 |
-5 098 959 |
-4 089 556 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.1 |
-6.2 |
-6.8 |
-5.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
48.1 |
49.0 |
49.5 |
47.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.0 |
42.8 |
42.7 |
42.1 |
Government debt |
(million HUF) |
42 345 225 |
48 856 449 |
55 139 767 |
59 879 002 |
(% of GDP) |
76.2 |
74.1 |
73.2 |
73.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million HUF) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Malta |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
16 690 |
17 975 |
20 911 |
23 071 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 161 |
-959 |
-927 |
-812 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.0 |
-5.3 |
-4.4 |
-3.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
39.4 |
38.4 |
35.8 |
37.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
32.5 |
33.1 |
31.4 |
34.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
8 305 |
9 048 |
9 826 |
10 647 |
(% of GDP) |
49.8 |
50.3 |
47.0 |
46.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
227 |
223 |
218 |
210 |
(% of GDP) |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
|
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
891 550 |
993 820 |
1 050 133 |
1 122 459 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-20 145 |
22 |
-3 897 |
-10 606 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.3 |
0.0 |
-0.4 |
-0.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
45.9 |
43.3 |
44.0 |
44.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
43.6 |
43.3 |
43.6 |
43.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
450 239 |
481 145 |
481 481 |
491 055 |
(% of GDP) |
50.5 |
48.4 |
45.8 |
43.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
14 345 |
14 086 |
13 740 |
13 850 |
(% of GDP) |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
Austria |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
406 231 |
449 382 |
477 837 |
494 088 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-23 129 |
-15 325 |
-12 377 |
-23 106 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.7 |
-3.4 |
-2.6 |
-4.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
56.0 |
53.0 |
52.2 |
55.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
50.3 |
49.6 |
49.6 |
50.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
334 731 |
351 150 |
371 540 |
394 792 |
(% of GDP) |
82.4 |
78.1 |
77.8 |
79.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
6 984 |
6 858 |
6 689 |
6 451 |
(% of GDP) |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million PLN) |
2 661 518 |
3 100 850 |
3 415 274 |
3 653 432 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million PLN) |
-44 597 |
-104 475 |
-177 442 |
-236 562 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.7 |
-3.4 |
-5.2 |
-6.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.6 |
43.2 |
46.9 |
49.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.9 |
39.9 |
41.7 |
43.0 |
Government debt |
(million PLN) |
1 410 966 |
1 512 812 |
1 691 261 |
2 012 640 |
(% of GDP) |
53.0 |
48.8 |
49.5 |
55.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million PLN) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Portugal |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
216 494 |
243 957 |
270 353 |
289 428 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-6 117 |
-757 |
3 399 |
1 451 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.8 |
-0.3 |
1.3 |
0.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
47.3 |
43.9 |
41.9 |
42.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
44.5 |
43.6 |
43.2 |
43.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
268 189 |
271 358 |
261 864 |
270 881 |
(% of GDP) |
123.9 |
111.2 |
96.9 |
93.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 054 |
953 |
852 |
701 |
(% of GDP) |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
Romania |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million RON) |
1 186 015 |
1 384 598 |
1 590 749 |
1 759 183 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million RON) |
-85 177 |
-90 338 |
-106 658 |
-164 460 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.2 |
-6.5 |
-6.7 |
-9.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
40.0 |
40.9 |
41.1 |
43.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
32.8 |
34.4 |
34.4 |
34.2 |
Government debt |
(million RON) |
576 339 |
665 491 |
784 235 |
964 808 |
(% of GDP) |
48.6 |
48.1 |
49.3 |
54.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million RON) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Slovenia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
52 032 |
56 882 |
64 050 |
67 418 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-2 399 |
-1 714 |
-1 655 |
-637 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.6 |
-3.0 |
-2.6 |
-0.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.9 |
47.7 |
46.5 |
46.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
45.3 |
44.7 |
44.0 |
45.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
38 929 |
41 395 |
43 739 |
44 905 |
(% of GDP) |
74.8 |
72.8 |
68.3 |
66.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 182 |
1 161 |
1 133 |
1 092 |
(% of GDP) |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
|
Slovakia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
101 892 |
109 960 |
123 539 |
130 208 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-5 186 |
-1 720 |
-6 542 |
-7 157 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.1 |
-1.6 |
-5.3 |
-5.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
44.8 |
43.1 |
48.2 |
47.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.8 |
41.5 |
42.9 |
42.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
61 356 |
63 509 |
68 882 |
77 735 |
(% of GDP) |
60.2 |
57.8 |
55.8 |
59.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 967 |
1 978 |
1 973 |
1 971 |
(% of GDP) |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
248 764 |
266 135 |
272 848 |
275 963 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-6 598 |
-477 |
-7 900 |
-12 156 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.7 |
-0.2 |
-2.9 |
-4.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
55.1 |
52.6 |
56.0 |
57.8 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
52.5 |
52.5 |
53.1 |
53.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
181 911 |
196 844 |
210 321 |
227 547 |
(% of GDP) |
73.1 |
74.0 |
77.1 |
82.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
4 510 |
4 429 |
4 320 |
4 166 |
(% of GDP) |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million SEK) |
5 417 760 |
5 816 415 |
6 143 187 |
6 379 843 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million SEK) |
-11 073 |
57 635 |
-54 898 |
-100 082 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.2 |
1.0 |
-0.9 |
-1.6 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
50.4 |
49.4 |
50.0 |
50.7 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
50.2 |
50.4 |
49.1 |
49.2 |
Government debt |
(million SEK) |
2 017 685 |
1 985 572 |
1 965 761 |
2 171 898 |
(% of GDP) |
37.2 |
34.1 |
32.0 |
34.0 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million SEK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|||||
Notes for users
Revisions and timetable
In the previous provision of data for the excessive deficit procedure, the 2024 government deficit for the euro area was 3.1% of GDP, for the EU it was 3.2%, and the government debt was 87.4% of GDP for the euro area and 81.0% for the EU. See News release of 22 April 2025.
Methods and definitions
According to Article 14 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, Eurostat publishes the actual government deficit and debt data for the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure, within three weeks after the reporting deadlines.
The Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the EC Treaty, defines government deficit (surplus) as the net borrowing (net lending) of the whole general government sector (central government, state government, local government and social security funds). It is calculated according to national accounts concepts (European System of Accounts, ESA 2010). Government debt (commonly known as Maastricht or EDP debt) is the consolidated gross debt of the whole general government sector outstanding at the end of the year (at nominal value).
Table of euro area and EU aggregates: the data are in euro. For those countries not belonging to the euro area, the rate of conversion into euro is as follows:
- for deficit / surplus and GDP data, the annual average exchange rate;
- for the stock of government debt, the end of year exchange rate.
Table of national data: the data are in national currencies.
General government total expenditure and revenue are reported to Eurostat under the ESA 2010 transmission programme. They cover non-financial transactions of general government, and include both current and capital transactions. For definitions, see Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union.
Intergovernmental lending
For the purpose of consolidation of general government debt in European aggregates and to provide users with information, Eurostat is collecting and publishing data on government loans to other EU governments, including those made through the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). For the years 2021 to 2024 the intergovernmental lending figures relate mainly to lending to Greece, Ireland and Portugal.
Reservations and amendments
The term “reservations” is defined in article 15 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009. The Commission (Eurostat) expresses reservations when it has doubts on the quality of the reported data.
According to Article 15 (2) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, the Commission (Eurostat) may amend actual data reported by Member States and provide the amended data and a justification of the amendment where there is evidence that actual data reported by Member States do not comply with the quality requirements (compliance with accounting rules, completeness, reliability, timeliness and consistency of statistical data).
Geographical information
Euro area (EA20): Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.
European Union (EU27): Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.
For more information
For further information on the methodology of statistics reported under the excessive deficit procedure, please see the Eurostat publication "Manual on Government Deficit and Debt - Implementation of ESA 2010 - 2022 edition", published in February 2023.
Note on main revisions: Eurostat publishes on its website a note containing specific explanations of the largest revisions in deficit and debt for 2021-2024 between the April and October 2025 notifications, as well as in GDP.
Background note and supplementary tables on government interventions to support financial institutions: Eurostat publishes supplementary tables by Member State on the impact of the government support to financial institutions on its website. Eurostat also publishes a background note providing further information on the supplementary tables, including summary tables for the EU and the euro area. Table 2 of the background note shows government deficit/surplus data for 2023 and 2024 excluding the impacts of government interventions to support financial institutions. It should be noted that this adjusted measure of government deficit/surplus is only intended to be an improvement in the presentation of data for users.
Stock of liabilities of trade credits and advances: Eurostat publishes on its website, as complementary information on government liabilities, data on trade credits and advances, as reported by Member States for the years 2021 to 2024. According to Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, the liabilities in trade credits and advances of government units are not part of EDP debt.
Stock-flow adjustment: Eurostat also publishes a note on the stock-flow adjustment which presents the contribution of deficit/surplus as well as other relevant factors to the variation in the debt level.
Eurostat will also be releasing information on the underlying government sector accounts on the government finance and EDP statistics section on its website.
Get in touch
Further information on data
E-mail: [email protected]