Esp #004-proceso de periodismo en el nuevo datosfera-traducido

Notas del editor

• #2: 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #3: 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
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• #6: The long view of human communication: Fundamental process of all communication Borrow concepts from biology: Datósfera 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #7: Perspectiva a largo plazo de la comunicación humana: Proceso fundamental de todo proceso de comunicación: Concepto prestados de la biología: Datósfera 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #8: Concept stolen from biology: Ecoesfera Aspectos: Resources containing energy in various forms Multiple species using different forms and aspects of energy Species receive and exchange energy and expel that energy in different forms, i.e. the maneur of a cow becomes fertilizer for plants Constantly dynamic – and evolutionary -- process 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #9: Concepto prestado de la biología: Ecoesfera Aspectos: Recursos que contienen energía en varias formas Múltiples especies utilizando diferentes formas y aspectos de energía Las especies reciben e intercambian energía y expulsan esa energía de diferentes formas, ej. el estiércol de las vacas se transforma en fertilizante para las plantas. Proceso evolucionario constante y dinámico . 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #10: La Datósfera: Ese ambiente conceptual donde residen todas las especies que procesan información [HACER CLICK] Periodista: Una especie de la datósfera Cambios ambientales: las especies evolucionan o mueren ======================= La Datósfera: Entorno conceptual donde residen todas las especies que procesan información Periodistas: Una de las especies de la datósfera Cambios en el entorno: las especies o evolucionan o mueren 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #11: Datófera = entorno que comprende todos los datos conceptuales de interés para los humanos Datósfera = similar a la biósfera, con la excepción de que los recursos no se agotan o se transforman, simplemente son copiados Periodista:una especie de la Datósfera Cambios en el entorno: las especies evolucionan o mueren 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #12: The long view of human communication: Fundamental process of all communication To understand this process requires a broad definition of “Data” and an understanding of basic process of biology. Definition of “data” Data : The “raw material” which – with analysis – produces INFORMATION INFORMATION = That which helps us make a decision or motivates an action(s) Multiple forms of “data” Cells contain chemical data Eyes receive various frequencies of light as data Smell, touch, etc. All of this DATA is received and then processed Metabolism of living things Cognition – consciousness and sub-conscious Results: a “ decision ” to take action or not 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #13: La perspectiva a largo plazo de la comunicación humana: Proceso fundamental de toda comunicación Para comprender este proceso se necesita una definición amplia de “data” y de los procesos básicos de la biología. Definición de “data” Data : La materia prima a partir de la cual -con el análisis- se produce INFORMACIÓN . INFORMACIÓN = Aquello que nos ayuda a tomar decisiones o nos motiva a la acción. Formas múltiples de “data” La células contienen data química. Los ojos reciben varias frecuencias de luz como data. Olafato, tacto, etc. Toda esta data es recibida y luego procesada Metabolismo de los seres vivientes Cognicion – conciencia y subconciencia Resultados: la “ decisión ” de tomar acción o no 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #14: Multiple forms of “data” Cells contain chemical data Eyes receive various frequencies of light as data Smell, touch, etc. All of this DATA is received and then processed Similar to the metabolism of living things Cognition – consciousness and sub-conscious Results: a “ decision ” to take action or not Similar process for journalists 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #15: Formas múltiples de “data” La células contienen data química . Los ojos reciben varias frecuencias de luz como data. Olafato, tacto, etc. Toda esta data es recibida y luego procesada Metabolismo de los seres vivientes Cognicion – conciencia y subconciencia Resultados: la “ decisión ” de tomar acción o no Procesos similares para periodistas 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #16: Datófera = entorno que comprende todos los datos conceptuales de interés para los humanos Datósfera = similar a la biósfera, con la excepción de que los recursos no se agotan o se transforman, simplemente son copiados Periodista:una especie de la Datósfera Cambios en el entorno: las especies evolucionan o mueren =================================== 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #17: 4 factores de todos los fenómenos , por ej. en potenciales historias Cualitativo Cuantitativo Geográfico Cápsula cronológica Desafío para los periodistas? Tener las destrezas para encontrar, recuperar y analizar la data para determinar cuál de los tres + # 4 enfatizar 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #18: Variedad de archivos "estados / formas“ Rango del desafío en la extracción y el análisis de los datos "JSON es una norma importante para facilitar la interacción entre los sistemas. Se está convirtiendo en la ruta preferida sobre XML, en muchos casos. “ Y a medida que explota la cantidad de los datos geo espaciales, abordaríamos las normas estandar que podrían ser útiles. Yo incluiría KML, GeoJSON y archivos SHP de vector y muchas opciones para el raster: bil, netCDF, ECW, GeoTIFF, etc "(Guerin) 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #19: Files, Transparency, Ease of Analysis “ The sweet spot of file types for data analysis” ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- And even these are NOT perfect; have to know some of the underlying assumptions inherent in these file types. That said, this is still the best point of departure when seeking to acquire files and their data. Just as an example, csv does not allow trailing zeros in a numeric field, so my zip would collapse from 02151 to 2151. Or, the field would be represented as text, "02151" (surrounded by quote marks). Some translation programs do that automatically, but there is no standard. Same problem with phone numbers, some equations, etc.  Csv also assumes field headers are on one line. They need to be in one cell in excel to translate correctly that way. Often, they are not, or the excel file has multiple levels of heads. XML is the general link format people want to use, but not all states have adopted it, and a standard schema. Yeah, csv standard does not even allow a blank row or a formatting row (like ---------) between the header and the live data table.  The format row is usually read as a zero, not null, and that screws up averages, medians and so forth. Excel "cheats" on calculating medians, etc. (SSR) Should be ANSI standard CVS (SSR) ======================================= Archivos, Transparencia, Facilidad de Análisis “ El espacio óptimo para el análisis de datos ” ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- E incluso éstos NO son perfectos, hay que conocer algunos de los supuestos inherentes a este tipo de archivos. Dicho esto, éste sigue siendo el mejor punto de partida cuando se trata de adquirir los archivos y sus datos. A modo de ejemplo, csv no permite ceros en un campo numérico, por lo que mi código postal colapsaría de 02151 a 2151. O bien, el campo se representaría como texto, "02151" (rodeado de comillas). Algunos programas de traducción hacen eso automáticamente, pero no hay un estándar. El mismo problema surge con los números de teléfono, algunas ecuaciones, etc Csv también asume que los encabezados de campo están en una línea. Tienen que estar en una celda en Excel para traducir correctamente de esa manera. A menudo, no están, o el archivo de Excel tiene varios niveles de encabezados XML es el formato general de vínculo que las personas desean utilizar y un esquema estándar, pero no todos los estados lo han adoptado. Sí, el estándar de csv ni siquiera permite una fila en blanco o una fila de formato (como ---------) entre la cabecera y la tabla de datos en tiempo real. El formato de registro se suele leer como un cero, no nulo, y eso produce error en los promedios, medianas y así sucesivamente. Excel " hace trampas" en el cálculo de las medianas, etc (SSR) Debe ser la norma ANSI CVS (SSR) 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #20: Why is this important for journalists? 99% of data is – or will be – in digital form Our datosfera is – and will – continue changing with great speed The data we take in comes in different forms (different sources, different formats). And those file formats will change. The data comes to us faster , from more and different sources than before Expanded warehouse of data is digital; we need additional skills to find, retrieve, store, analyze the data 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #21: Por qué es importante para los periodistas? 99% de los datos están - o estarán - en forma digital Nuestra datósfera está - y seguirá - cambiando a gran velocidad Los datos que recibimos vienen en diferentes formas (de diferentes fuentes, diferentes formatos). Y los formatos de archivo van a cambiar. Los datos nos llegan más rápido que antes, a partir de más y diferentes fuentes. Los almacenes de datos expandidos son digitales, es necesario adquirir nuevas destrezas para encontrar, recuperar, almacenar, analizar los datos 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #22: We need new and additional skills to present resulting information Not only “story-telling” but give The People their data The Open Data Movement We are no longer in the business of presenting traditional NEWS. (People can get the NEWS THEY WANT faster from Twitter or Facebook. E.g. news of the earthquake in Washinton,D.C. was know in NYC BEFORE the actual earthquake wave reached NYC because of Twitter. Our new responsibilities Analysis Share our data, methods and analytic tools with the people Facilitate CIVIL conversations between citizens 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #23: Necesitamos conocimientos nuevos y adicionales para presentar la información resultante No sólo "contar historias", sino dar a la gente – El Pueblo -- sus datos El movimiento de apertura de datos o acceso a la información Ya no estamos en el negocio de presentar las noticias tradicionales. . ( La gente puede obtener las noticias que quieren más rápido en Twitter o Facebook. Por ejemplo la noticia del terremoto en Washinton, D.C. se supo en la ciudad de Nueva York antes de que la actual onda del terremoto llegara a Nueva York a causa de Twitter .) Nuestras nuevas responsabilidades Análisis Compartir nuestros datos, métodos y herramientas analíticas con El Pueblo Facilitar conversaciones CIVILES entre los ciudadanos 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #24: 4 Possible Directions Social Sciences: economics, geography, business (forensic accouinting), political science Data Management Analysis Presentation of BOTH data and analysis Computer Science (Computing and Information Technology) Ciencias de la Computación / CIT Multi-media Content management systems Management of Big Data Analysis of Big Data – data mining; text analysis; geo-statistics More innovation – create more economic potential for the media ================================================= Ciencias Sociales Gestión de datos Análisis de datos Presentación de datos y análisis 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #25: Social Sciences: economics, geography, business (forensic accouinting), political science Data Management Analysis Presentation of BOTH data and analysis Computer Science (Computing and Information Technology) Ciencias de la Computación / CIT Multi-media Content management systems Management of Big Data Analysis of Big Data – data mining; text analysis; geo-statistics More innovation Ciencias Sociales Gestión de datos Análisis de datos Presentación de datos y análisis 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #26: 4th Choice: Continue with the Status Quo Loss of students, even the “romantic” WRITERS because eventually they will lack models of traditional journalism Loss of financial support from the university and the profession At the end, death of journalism education 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #28: You can’t be a know-it-all Journalism’s Great White Hunter is dead. Too much to learn; not enough time So are hierarchical organizations ================================= Usted no puede ser un sabeloto La figura del periodista como un “Gran cazador blanco” está muerta. Mucho que aprender; sin tiempo suficiente Así son las organizaciones jerárquicas.
• #31: Source: http://www.netage.com/pub/whpapers/NAReports/NARpt01-org.html We can see a simple example of a network layer at the top of the Defense Department, the most complex of the cabinet group of org charts (see Figure 3, the DoD org charts , and/or run our interactive US Gov Map ). The Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has a few headquarters functions reporting directly in, then an overlay of matrix reports from the Service Chiefs and Combatant Commanders whose direct bosses are elsewhere in the Defense structure. These overlays serve the purpose of being “virtual reorganizations.” You don’t have to move around boxes or delayer or do anything else that’s hard to do by drawing new lines among existing boxes. Matrix organizations are early, primitive forms of virtual reorganization that make of fixed hierarchies to more adaptable. They are precursors, really, of the 21 st century networked organization now emerging. ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera 06/21/12
• #32: Source: http://www.netage.com/pub/whpapers/NAReports/NARpt01-org.html We can see a simple example of a network layer at the top of the Defense Department, the most complex of the cabinet group of org charts (see Figure 3, the DoD org charts , and/or run our interactive US Gov Map ). The Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has a few headquarters functions reporting directly in, then an overlay of matrix reports from the Service Chiefs and Combatant Commanders whose direct bosses are elsewhere in the Defense structure. These overlays serve the purpose of being “virtual reorganizations.” You don’t have to move around boxes or delayer or do anything else that’s hard to do by drawing new lines among existing boxes. Matrix organizations are early, primitive forms of virtual reorganization that make of fixed hierarchies to more adaptable. They are precursors, really, of the 21 st century networked organization now emerging. ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera 06/21/12
• #34: All of these are fundamentally binary – a hole or no hole All of these required precision – some times in location like the cards, sometimes mechanical like the Difference Engine. But that required precision, I believe, anticipates the precision required in writing code. Hollerith’s device integrated the previous developments of binary storage, but he was able to introduce an new factor in the datasphere – electricity ENIAC uses electricity – and cards -- but enhances the storage and mathematical functions capability Personal Computer – eliminates cards in favor of floppy disk storage of programs, data and the results of analysis. Personal Computer magnifies the evolutionary trend toward SMALLER, FASTER, LIGHTER, CHEAPER and with more PROCESSING POWER Personal Computer also attracts vast numbers of non-specialists. Those non-specialists are today’s participants in HACKATHONS. This, then, brings us to these early moments – these preliminary nanoseconds -- in the Revolution in Communications. What is the REVOLUTION? The shift in power AWAY from traditional authorities and institutions TO the individual(s) Think Arab Spring . 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #35: Homo habilis  ~1.9-2 million BCE ( http://www.readingevolution.com/images/hominid_brain_cavity_size.jpg ) 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #40: ENIAC - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC Apple – 1977 IBM PC - 1981 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #41: Reading and writing are necessary but no longer sufficient Great shift of power away from the institutions to the individual Tools that are “Faster, Smaller, Cheaper” driving global societal change Monetary transactions via cell phone in South Africa Live video with $200 smartphone “ Square” is a disruptive technology that bypasses the “traditional” process and channels of VISA and Mastercard Asahi Soft Drinks offers free Wi-Fi in vending machines “ The drinks company is to build into each of its vending machines a Wi-Fi router which will offer connection to Japanese network Freemobile. “ Those in the immediate vicinity can then hook up for free high-speed Internet access on their mobile devices or laptops for up to 30 min-utes in one sitting. The router will also store localised content, such as shopping mall maps, regional infor-mation, tourist details, that sort of thing. “ Oh, and they will sell soft drinks, of course.” 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #42: Reading and writing are necessary but no longer sufficient Great shift of power away from the institutions to the individual Tools that are “Faster, Smaller, Cheaper” driving global societal change Monetary transactions via cell phone in South Africa Live video with $200 smartphone “ Square” is a disruptive technology that bypasses the “traditional” process and channels of VISA and Mastercard Asahi Soft Drinks offers free Wi-Fi in vending machines “ The drinks company is to build into each of its vending machines a Wi-Fi router which will offer connection to Japanese network Freemobile. “ Those in the immediate vicinity can then hook up for free high-speed Internet access on their mobile devices or laptops for up to 30 min-utes in one sitting. The router will also store localised content, such as shopping mall maps, regional infor-mation, tourist details, that sort of thing. “ Oh, and they will sell soft drinks, of course.” 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #43: Reading and writing are necessary but no longer sufficient Great shift of power away from the institutions to the individual Tools that are “Faster, Smaller, Cheaper” driving global societal change Monetary transactions via cell phone in South Africa Live video with $200 smartphone “ Square” is a disruptive technology that bypasses the “traditional” process and channels of VISA and Mastercard Asahi Soft Drinks offers free Wi-Fi in vending machines “ The drinks company is to build into each of its vending machines a Wi-Fi router which will offer connection to Japanese network Freemobile. “ Those in the immediate vicinity can then hook up for free high-speed Internet access on their mobile devices or laptops for up to 30 min-utes in one sitting. The router will also store localised content, such as shopping mall maps, regional infor-mation, tourist details, that sort of thing. “ Oh, and they will sell soft drinks, of course.” 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #44: The long view of human communication: Fundamental process of all communication To understand this process requires a broad definition of “Data” and an understanding of basic process of biology. 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
• #45: PUCV – like all great universities – is deeply engaged in trying to figure out what to do. It is a difficult, slow, cumbersome, challenging, frustrating, sometimes discouraging process that will not have a conclusion in any of our lifetimes, only a temporary status quo, at best. So I ask the students, do not be surprised if what you think is journalism, turns out to be something else. If you want to be a journalist, don’t expect to find many specific answers in a single school or department. Get into social sciences, …… (See my notes in Comapping images) And I ask the faculty to …. 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera
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• #52: Early micro-seconds of the Digital Revolution. We don’t have anything close to a clear sense where we will be four or five years from now, Today Facebook is big, but there have been many big, dominant companies, products, tools before. They no longer exist In an environment – Datasphere – that is changing rapidly changing, the only chance for survival is to constantly question our assumptions and constantly be learning I believe the definition of a UNIVERSITY is a place where new knowledge is made. Journalism educators need to devote 25% of the workweek to investigating new sources, techniques and tools; how to use them and try – TRY – to determine if they are suitable to help journalists meet our responsibility to the citizens. Journalism educators need to devote another 25% of their time to developing DIGITAL tools and methods that will advance the profession. Only TK journalism depts. In American universities are doing to, and those R&D efforts are usually because of only one or two professors, NOT the mission of the total department or school. Most still believe that the most important aspect for journalism training is “How to tell a story.” I believe that we first must have something to say before we can concentrate on THE STORY. That requires having analytic skills more sophisticated than just harvesting anecdotes and quotes and video clips and putting them together in some readable form. 06/21/12 ESP-#004-Proceso de Periodismo en Nuevo Datosfera