Elsa Paasilinna

Odometer tampering in vehicles means manipulating the odometer reading with the aim of misrepresenting, usually reducing, the actual mileage of the vehicle. The major motivation for odometer manipulation is seeking financial benefit in the used car market because in principle, a car with lower mileage has a higher resale value.
Odometer tampering is a common phenomenon in several European countries. The issue has been approached by introducing stricter legislation and means for monitoring… Näytä lisää

Odometer tampering in vehicles means manipulating the odometer reading with the aim of misrepresenting, usually reducing, the actual mileage of the vehicle. The major motivation for odometer manipulation is seeking financial benefit in the used car market because in principle, a car with lower mileage has a higher resale value.
Odometer tampering is a common phenomenon in several European countries. The issue has been approached by introducing stricter legislation and means for monitoring odometer readings.
The aim of this study is to examine whether there are any indications of odometer manipulation in vehicles in use in Finland by analysing odometer data collected at regular inspections of vehicles.

The data revealed reduced mileages between inspections in approximately 0.6 per cent of passenger cars and vans in use in Finland. Some of them result from mistakes in the recording and rounding of figures, or other similar reasons. The percentage is very low compared to studies carried out in other European countries.

Another aim of the study is to examine whether there are any indications of odometer tampering in used cars imported to Finland. To analyse this, a pilot study was conducted using data on cars imported to Finland from three European countries.

Unlike in cars already in use in Finland, there were quite a few cases of mileages reducing over the import in used cars imported to Finland. The data reveals that 5 to 17 per cent of imported cars show some indications of potential odometer tampering.

When buying an imported used car, the buyer should ask the seller or importer of the car for a report on the maintenance and odometer history of the car. Improving exchange of information on inspection and maintenance recordings between countries and providing better access to the history of imported cars for authorities are efficient ways to detect and prevent odometer tampering because they increase the risk of getting caught. Näytä vähemmän

Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan sähköiseen asianhallintaan siirtyneiden valtionhallinnon organisaatioiden kokemuksia ja yhden sähköiseen asianhallintaan siirtymistä suunnittelevan valtionhallinnon organisaation ennakko-odotuksia prosessiin liittyen. Tavoitteena on selvittää, ilmeneekö tarkastelussa sellaisia asioita, joiden huomioimisesta ja tiedostamisesta olisi hyötyä organisaatioille sähköiseen asianhallintaan siirtymisen ja asianhallintajärjestelmien käyttöönoton suunnittelussa.

Tulosten… Näytä lisää

Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan sähköiseen asianhallintaan siirtyneiden valtionhallinnon organisaatioiden kokemuksia ja yhden sähköiseen asianhallintaan siirtymistä suunnittelevan valtionhallinnon organisaation ennakko-odotuksia prosessiin liittyen. Tavoitteena on selvittää, ilmeneekö tarkastelussa sellaisia asioita, joiden huomioimisesta ja tiedostamisesta olisi hyötyä organisaatioille sähköiseen asianhallintaan siirtymisen ja asianhallintajärjestelmien käyttöönoton suunnittelussa.

Tulosten perusteella organisaatioiden kannattaa huomioida, että käyttöönoton suunnitteluun varataan aikaa ja suunnittelu tehdään huolellisesti. Johto ja asianhallintajärjestelmien loppukäyttäjät tulisi saada mukaan suunnitteluprosessiin jo varhaisessa vaiheessa, jotta oikeanlaiset resurssit voidaan taata työlle. Prosessin alkuvaiheessa tulisi pohtia löytyykö organisaatiosta tarvittavaa osaamista prosessin onnistunutta läpivientiä ajatellen. Työn toteutuksen tapa tulisi valita arvioimalla asiaa kriittisestä ja kustannustehokkaasta näkökulmasta. Hallinnollisten prosessien kehittämiseen kannattaa panostaa, jotta tulee suunniteltua huolella mitkä prosessit kannattaa sähköistää ja millä tavalla. Riittävä viestintä koko prosessin ajan ja toiminnan tavoitteiden selväksi tekeminen koko organisaatiolle on oleellinen tekijä henkilöstön ja johdon sitoutumisessa uuteen toimintatapaan. Tavoitteiden tulisi olla selkeitä, perusteltuja ja realistisia ja niissä tulisi määrätietoisesti pysyä.

Sähköisen asianhallinnan käyttöönottamisella tavoitellaan tiedonkäytettävyyden paranemista, paikkariippumatonta työskentelyä ja työnteon tehostumista ja helpottumista. Järjestelmien tulisi tukea näitä tavoitteita, olla helppokäyttöisiä ja niiden käyttämiseen liittyen tulisi saada riittävästi käytöntukea. Näytä vähemmän

Scrapping premium was used for the purchases of 6,677 new cars between 1 January and 31 August 2018. Approximately 90% of the EUR 8 M appropriation in the state budget was used.
In comparison to all passenger cars registered as being on the road on 31 December 2017, the cars scrapped as part of the campaign were older and produced more emissions than the average car in Finland. New passenger cars purchased with the scrapping premium were lighter, had a lower net engine power and engine… Näytä lisää

Scrapping premium was used for the purchases of 6,677 new cars between 1 January and 31 August 2018. Approximately 90% of the EUR 8 M appropriation in the state budget was used.
In comparison to all passenger cars registered as being on the road on 31 December 2017, the cars scrapped as part of the campaign were older and produced more emissions than the average car in Finland. New passenger cars purchased with the scrapping premium were lighter, had a lower net engine power and engine capacity, consumed less fuel and produced fewer emissions than new passenger cars purchased without a scrapping premium.
The number of passenger car scrapping deregistrations increased remarkably in 2018. In 2015–2017, the number of scrapping deregistrations was approximately 60,000 per year, whereas in 2018, the number grew to over 80,000. It seems that the joint system development of the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom and the scrapping industry, which had been implemented gradually since the summer of 2017, had a significant effect. This development enabled a more automated and faster method of registering scrapping deregistrations in the Transport Register directly from the scrapping operators’ systems.
Compared to all those who owned cars that are over 10 years old and were thus entitled to the scrapping premium, those claiming the premium were on average older. Compared to all those who purchased a new car in 2018, those claiming the scrapping premium were on average younger and had a lower income.
The overall impact of the scrapping premium was positive. The campaign reduced the emissions of new cars and increased the number of scrapped cars. The campaign also did not cause any significant increase in staffing requirements for Traficom, as it was possible to automate most of the processes involved. Based on these indicators, it can be said that the campaign succeeded in its goals even though not all of the allocated funds were used. Näytä vähemmän

This thesis was commissioned by the Finnish Transport Safety Agency (Trafi).
The objectives listed in the action plan of the unit for the year 2018 include expanding the professional competence of the experts and strengthening their confidence in their own expertise. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to investigate how the professional competence and the experts’ confidence in their expertise could be enhanced in the constantly developing expert work.
The empirical study in this… Näytä lisää

This thesis was commissioned by the Finnish Transport Safety Agency (Trafi).
The objectives listed in the action plan of the unit for the year 2018 include expanding the professional competence of the experts and strengthening their confidence in their own expertise. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to investigate how the professional competence and the experts’ confidence in their expertise could be enhanced in the constantly developing expert work.
The empirical study in this thesis was carried out by employing both qualitative
and quantitative research methods. More specifically, the methods used were
theme interviews and quantitative surveys. The interviews were conducted in
February 2018 and the quantitative surveys in March 2018. In addition, the study
also utilised a job satisfaction survey conducted by Trafi in 2017. The population
of the study consisted of the head of the unit as well as the lawyers and the ex-
perts in the unit. In the theoretical framework, the central themes revolve around the expertise of an individual, the intellectual capital in the organisation, the competence needs, competence development, as well as learning and its methods and prerequisites.
This thesis concludes that, in general, Trafi facilitates suitable conditions for
learning and the matters affecting the development of an individual are in order.
However, the study indicates that some areas for improvement in relation to
learning would be communication and interaction and the feedback received from
the work. Other targets for improvement would be regular monitoring of work-
related stress, assessment of the work done, development discussions and de-
velopment of the pay system, working spaces, personal coaching, benchmarking
and the flow and accessibility of information about each individual’s personal ex-
pertise in the agency. Näytä vähemmän

This study creates new knowledge regarding the factors that protect Finnish police
officers against the negative effects of work-related traumatic events and thus assists superiors
in the police organization to develop well-being at the work setting. The material was
collected during autumn 2012 by interviewing constables and sergeants. In theme interviews
the interviewees were asked to narrate their work-related experiences that were upsetting and
had remained in memory… Näytä lisää

This study creates new knowledge regarding the factors that protect Finnish police
officers against the negative effects of work-related traumatic events and thus assists superiors
in the police organization to develop well-being at the work setting. The material was
collected during autumn 2012 by interviewing constables and sergeants. In theme interviews
the interviewees were asked to narrate their work-related experiences that were upsetting and
had remained in memory. Categorical content analysis was used to analyze the material.
Results show that police officers have five protective factors agains the negative effects of
upsetting work-related events: good leader, trustworthy working community, professional
distance, occupational humor and preparing in advance.

In police organization a good leader is reliable and fair. They listen to subordinates'
opinions and remember to give positive feedback when appropriate. The working community
is vitally important for police officers' well-being at work, since they need to be able to trust
their colleagues and due to the isolation of police culture also closest friends are often found
at the workplace. Professional distance is an umbrella term that includes cynicism and
habituation. Police officers require a sufficient amount of professional distance not only to
maintain working efficiency but also to prevent burn-out. Occupational humor helps to ease
and process upsetting events. Humor is used daily, but it also has its boundaries. There is no
joking about the most serious cases, such as an accident of a colleague. Preparing in advance
increases occupational safety, but also helps facing hard work events mentally.

The protective factors against the negative effects of work events have not been
academically studied amongst Finnish police officers, so further research is needed. Näytä vähemmän