Elasticsearch 自动补全与机遇上下文的提示

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-15 01:12:37 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-08-15 01:12:37 发布

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分类专栏： elk 文章标签： elasticsearch

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本文详细介绍了Elasticsearch中的Completion Suggester和Context Suggester。Completion Suggester提供实时的自动补全功能，通过FST（Finite State Transducers）实现高效查询。文章通过实例展示了如何配置Mapping、索引数据和执行搜索建议查询。而Context Suggester作为Completion Suggester的扩展，允许在搜索建议中引入上下文信息，如在‘star’查询中区分咖啡和电影相关的结果。文章还演示了如何定义Context Mapping，索引带有上下文信息的数据，并执行上下文敏感的建议查询。

文章目录

1. The Completion Suggester

Completion Suggester 提供了 “自动完成”（Auto Complete）的功能。用户每输入一个字符，就需要即时发送一个插叙请求到后端查询匹配项

对性能要求比较苛刻。ES 采用了不同的数据结构，并非通过倒排索引来完成。而是将 Analyze 的数据编码成 FST和索引一起存放。FST 会被 ES 整个加载进内容，速度很快
FST 只能用于前缀查找

2. 使用 Completion Suggester 一些步骤

定义 Mapping，使用 “completion” type
索引数据
运行 “suggest” 查询，得到搜索建议

DELETE articles
PUT articles
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title_completion":{
        "type": "completion"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST articles/_bulk
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "lucene is very cool"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elasticsearch builds on top of lucene"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elasticsearch rocks"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "elastic is the company behind ELK stack"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elk stack rocks"}
{ "index" : {} }


POST articles/_search?pretty
{
  "size": 0,
  "suggest": {
    "article-suggester": {
      "prefix": "elk ",
      "completion": {
        "field": "title_completion"
      }
    }
  }
}

返回输出：
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 0,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "suggest" : {
    "article-suggester" : [
      {
        "text" : "elk ",
        "offset" : 0,
        "length" : 4,
        "options" : [
          {
            "text" : "Elk stack rocks",
            "_index" : "articles",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "ITkIzncBVWBR55DpjKhv",
            "_score" : 1.0,
            "_source" : {
              "title_completion" : "Elk stack rocks"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

3. 什么是 Context Suggester

Completion Suggester 的扩展
可以在搜索中加入耕读偶读上下文信息，例如，输入 “star”

咖啡相关：starbucks
电影相关：star wars

4. 实现 Context Suggester

可以定义两种类型的 Context

Category - 任意的字符串
Geo - 地理信息位置

实现 Context Suggester

定制一个 Mapping
索引数据，并且为每个文档加入 Conetxt 信息
结合 Context 进行 Suggestion 查询

DELETE comments
PUT comments
PUT comments/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "comment_autocomplete":{
      "type": "completion",
      "contexts":[{
        "type":"category",
        "name":"comment_category"
      }]
    }
  }
}

POST comments/_doc
{
  "comment":"I love the star war movies",
  "comment_autocomplete":{
    "input":["star wars"],
    "contexts":{
      "comment_category":"movies"
    }
  }
}

POST comments/_doc
{
  "comment":"Where can I find a Starbucks",
  "comment_autocomplete":{
    "input":["starbucks"],
    "contexts":{
      "comment_category":"coffee"
    }
  }
}


POST comments/_search
{
  "suggest": {
    "MY_SUGGESTION": {
      "prefix": "sta",
      "completion":{
        "field":"comment_autocomplete",
        "contexts":{
          "comment_category":"coffee"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

返回输出：
{
  "took" : 958,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 0,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "suggest" : {
    "MY_SUGGESTION" : [
      {
        "text" : "sta",
        "offset" : 0,
        "length" : 3,
        "options" : [
          {
            "text" : "starbucks",
            "_index" : "comments",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "4DkSzncBVWBR55DpQ6rd",
            "_score" : 1.0,
            "_source" : {
              "comment" : "Where can I find a Starbucks",
              "comment_autocomplete" : {
                "input" : [
                  "starbucks"
                ],
                "contexts" : {
                  "comment_category" : "coffee"
                }
              }
            },
            "contexts" : {
              "comment_category" : [
                "coffee"
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}