Kubernetes之configmap

简介

ConfigMap 是一种 API 对象，用来将非机密性的数据保存到键值对中。使用时， Pods 可以将其用作环境变量、命令行参数或者存储卷中的配置文件。

ConfigMap 将你的环境配置信息和 容器镜像 解耦，便于应用配置的修改。

创建ConfigMap

你可以写一个引用 ConfigMap 的 Pod 的 spec，并根据 ConfigMap 中的数据在该 Pod 中配置容器。这个 Pod 和 ConfigMap 必须要在同一个 名字空间 中。

这是一个 ConfigMap 的示例，它的一些键只有一个值，其他键的值看起来像是 配置的片段格式。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: game-demo
data:
  # property-like keys; each key maps to a simple value
  player_initial_lives: "3"
  ui_properties_file_name: "user-interface.properties"

  # file-like keys
  game.properties: |
    enemy.types=aliens,monsters
    player.maximum-lives=5    
  user-interface.properties: |
    color.good=purple
    color.bad=yellow
    allow.textmode=true    

利用kubectl命令创建configmap后。你可以在kubernetes dashboard里查看

Configmap的使用

1. 容器的环境变量

      env:
        # 定义环境变量
        - name: PLAYER_INITIAL_LIVES # 请注意这里和 ConfigMap 中的键名是不一样的
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: game-demo           # 这个值来自 ConfigMap
              key: player_initial_lives # 需要取值的键
        - name: UI_PROPERTIES_FILE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: game-demo
              key: ui_properties_file_name

2. 文件挂在的方式

      volumeMounts:
      - name: config
        mountPath: "/config"
        readOnly: true
  volumes:
    # 你可以在 Pod 级别设置卷，然后将其挂载到 Pod 内的容器中
    - name: config
      configMap:
        # 提供你想要挂载的 ConfigMap 的名字
        name: game-demo
        # 来自 ConfigMap 的一组键，将被创建为文件
        items:
        - key: "game.properties"
          path: "game.properties"
        - key: "user-interface.properties"
          path: "user-interface.properties"

完整yaml文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: test123
  labels:
    app: test123
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      name: test123
      labels:
        app: test123
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: test123
          image: test-demo1:v1.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
          env:
             # Define the environment variable
            - name: PLAYER_INITIAL_LIVES # Notice that the case is different here
                                     # from the key name in the ConfigMap.
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: game-demo           # The ConfigMap this value comes from.
                  key: player_initial_lives # The key to fetch.
            - name: UI_PROPERTIES_FILE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  name: game-demo
                  key: ui_properties_file_name
          volumeMounts:
            - name: config
              mountPath: "/config"
              readOnly: true
 
      volumes:
        # You set volumes at the Pod level, then mount them into containers inside that Pod
        - name: config
          configMap:
            # Provide the name of the ConfigMap you want to mount.
            name: game-demo
            # An array of keys from the ConfigMap to create as files
            items:
            - key: "game.properties"
              path: "game.properties"
            - key: "user-interface.properties"
              path: "user-interface.properties"
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: test123

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: test123-service
  labels:
    app: test123-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: test123
  ports:
    - port: 8087
      targetPort: 8089
      nodePort: 30082
  type: NodePort

验证

进入pod里查看config的目录和查看环境变量

root@test123-cf887dd59-6l74b:/config# ls
game.properties  user-interface.properties
root@test123-cf887dd59-6l74b:/config# cat game.properties 
enemy.types=aliens,monsters
player.maximum-lives=5    
root@test123-cf887dd59-6l74b:/config# echo $PLAYER_INITIAL_LIVES
3

参考资料

ConfigMaps | Kubernetes