Books by Jarosław Dulewicz
![Research paper thumbnail of „Brudna woda brzegi rwie...” Zanieczyszczenie rzek w Polsce w latach 1971–1989 (wybrane zagadnienia) [w:] Ochrona i wykorzystanie zasobów środowiska naturalnego na ziemiach polskich - aspekt historyczny, red. T. Głowiński, M. Zawadka, Wrocław 2016, s. 363-378](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54038500/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization significantly affected the state of the envi... more Rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization significantly affected the state of the environment in Poland after the world war 2. Expansion of industry and urban centers without regard to future consequences to the ecosystems caused disastrous results. One of the adverse effects of this irresponsible policy was significant pollution of surface waters. In the text some selected examples were discussed to explain the most important causes of surface water resources degradation in Poland. These include: failure to comply with the law; draining large amount of untreated municipal and industrial wastewater into rivers; Uncontrolled discharge of sewage from individual farms; failure of urban wastewater treatment; tardiness in the implementation of protect surface water projects; lack of suitable water treating devices, prolonged construction of urban and industrial sewage treatment plants.
Industrialised areas have been a sort of a smaller-scale image of the relations and processes tha... more Industrialised areas have been a sort of a smaller-scale image of the relations and processes that have been taking place in Poland in the post-war period. They resulted mainly from the great concentration of stimuli transforming the previous state of affairs, introducing new institutions in those areas. In those areas the situation that has been stable over many years, was being dramatically violated, as a result of which a series of deformations and abnormalities could be observed, which were not visible or were very slight on a mass scale and over the long period of society transformations through the domestic industry. The main aim of the research was an analysis of new value systems, new social authorities, new ideas in various social groups, concrete displays of social deformations, changed in the ecological city formation, which were particularly visible in industrialised areas.
The main focus of the book were the phenomena taking place in industrialised areas in the 1970s, namely in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and Kozienice. The argument confirming the correct selection of those two centres was the fact that on the basis of the two cities it was possible to present two very different types of industrialisation. The town of Kozienice was industrialised almost “from the scratch”. Industrialisation has taken place as a result of the location of a power plant in the nearby Świerże Górne. Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski on the other hand was a middle-sized town with well grounded industrial traditions, and the development of the industry in the 1970s has led to the re-intensification of industrialisation and urbanisation processes.
In Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski the development was triggered by the construction of the Marceli Nowotko Metallurgical Plant and Ironworks, which was commenced in 1969. The construction of the new plant resulted from the needs of the national economy, in particular the following branches of industry: machine, shipyard and power plant industries. Through new investments in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, in the decade in question almost 14 thousand new jobs were created. On the other hand, the location of the power plant near Kozienice (the plant was built in Świerże Górne) aimed mainly at occupying the excess of human resources, especially from rural areas, as well as lead to the development of the city and its vicinity. A large investment near Kozienice has also become a driving force for the development of other industries. Cellular concrete plant was also built in Świerże Górne, which aimed at undertaking production on the basis of local raw materials – namely the dust from the power plant. In the city itself a Prestressed Concrete Plant was built. The construction of a power plant and other facilities had a considerable impact on the situation in Kozienice. Through those investments the city started to develop, and new jobs were created for the residents.
The book presents changes taking place in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski i Kozienice, which were related to the location of large industrial plants in those cities. Mass migrations to both centres have led to the situation, where city authorities had to face an ambitious challenge of providing a sufficient number of housing opportunities, commercial facilities, schools and health care institutions. These problems were directly connected with the development of both cities. They have also had a considerable impact on the quality of life and happiness of local communities. The present monograph analyses also the motives of the rural population when deciding to migrate into the city. The author describes the changes in the mentality of migrants resulting from their contacts with urban culture, the adaptation process in the new workplace and place of residence (contact with neighbours, attitude of old workers towards the new ones, mutual antagonism, pathological phenomena).
Source materials used, literature and methods applied allowed for a review of the assumptions and research theses. Quick industrialisation and urbanisation of Poland in the 1970s has shaken the social relations and order in the country. Negative impact of those processes were particularly visible in industrialised areas. The same was true for Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski i Kozienice. It was influenced mainly by migration of considerable numbers of people from rural areas to both cities. The lack of consequence during the implementation of assumptions made in the urban area development plans with the considerable increase in the number of residents lead to the accumulation of negative phenomena in those areas. The second chief problem involved the problems of rural population’s adaptation to urban centres. The feeling of isolation, inability to find their place in the new environment lead to attempts to achieve previously set goals in an illegal way.
Could all those difficulties be avoided? The analysis may lead to the conclusion that in the reality of the People’s Poland it was not possible, as the main objective of state policies since the turn of the 1940s and 1950s was to create the basis for accelerated economic growth. In accordance with the assumed policies, focus was placed on industrial development. This, in turn, lead to the scarcity of resources for other branches of the economy. As a result the urbanisation process was subordinate to the plans of intense industrialisation. Housing estates and the whole background (commercial facilities, schools, kindergartens etc.) were treated as secondary investments, necessary as a supplement to the construction of new industrial plants.
Papers by Jarosław Dulewicz
"(Post-)Jewish. The Shtetl of the Abbots through the Eyes of Majer Kirszenblat", Edited by Justyna Koszarska-Szulc, Natalia Romik and Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, 2024
Piłsudskiego 26 Unknown Unknown Unknown Bina Adler Court case Co. 139/45; verdict 20.12.1945 Wils... more Piłsudskiego 26 Unknown Unknown Unknown Bina Adler Court case Co. 139/45; verdict 20.12.1945 Wilsona Square 14 Unknown Unknown Unknown Eljasz Majlich Saubel Court case Co. 118/45; verdict 21.09.1945 Wilsona Square 17 Unknown Unknown Unknown Izrael Kamelkar Court case Co. 123/45; verdict 27.11.1945 Wąska 59 Unknown Unknown Unknown Hersz Watman Court case Co. 96/45; verdict 18.09.1945 Wilsona Square 34 Unknown Unknown Unknown Majer Szulman Court case Co. 58/45; verdict 23.08.1945 Szewska 47 Unknown Unknown Unknown Mariem Milsztajn Court case Co. 49/45; verdict 25.08.1945
Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia, 2021
The article examines the usefulness of the genealogical method in research on the Kielce pogrom. ... more The article examines the usefulness of the genealogical method in research on the Kielce pogrom. An analysis of the stories of individual people-victims of the pogrom will reveal a broader background of this tragic event. In the text, we will also try to answer some important research questions. Is the list of victims complete? Does it include the names of people who did not, in fact, perish during the pogrom? In addition, the article presents new research areas within the described issues. Classic genealogy supplies basic information on an individual, their descent, their job or profession, and their social status. This reflects only the most basic approach to its potential, however. In fact it has a lot in common with the methods used in philosophy and cultural anthropology, 2 and even the results of historical research can be enriched commensurably with the application of genealogy. Michel Foucault, from his critical reading of Nietzsche and his conception of genealogy, distinguished between two areas of its significance: the first (Herkunft) related to "descent" and the second (Entstehung) to "emergence," "arising." This classification 1 This text offers a development of the conclusions articulated in Joanna Tokarska-Bakir's book Pod klątwą. Portret społeczny pogromu kieleckiego (Cursed: A social portrait of the Kielce pogrom), and it should be read together with this work. The English translation of Cursed penned by Ewa Wampuszyc will be published next year by Cornell University Press (co-edited by the USHMM). 2 Aside from their selection and analysis of sources (particularly in classic genealogy and the anthropoological method), they also share a name: they are all described by the term "genealogical method." Regarding Jewish genealogy as an independent historical subject of study see Kamila Klauzińska's PhD thesis of 2012, "Współczesna genealogia Żydów polskich" (supervisor: Dr hab. Leszek Hońdo), as well as her articles: "A modern approach to the genealogy of Polish Jews: Zduńska Wola as a test case,"
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych, Dec 1, 2016
Polska 1944/45-1989, Feb 1, 2018
Zarys treści: W artykule na wybranych przykładach przedstawiono postawy polskiego społeczeństwa w... more Zarys treści: W artykule na wybranych przykładach przedstawiono postawy polskiego społeczeństwa względem degradacji ekosystemu w dwóch ostatnich dekadach PRL. W latach siedemdziesiątych i osiemdziesiątych XX w., w sytuacji wyraźnie zarysowującego się kryzysu ekologicznego, wśród polskiego społeczeństwa zaczęły ujawniać się postawy i działania zmierzające do zahamowania tego negatywnego procesu. Inicjatywy podejmowane na rzecz ochrony środowiska naturalnego były m.in. konsekwencją kształtowania świadomości ekologicznej Polaków.
Polska 1944/45-1989, Dec 1, 2016
Zarys treści: W artykule przeanalizowano relacje zachodzące pomiędzy procesem industrializacji a ... more Zarys treści: W artykule przeanalizowano relacje zachodzące pomiędzy procesem industrializacji a stanem środowiska naturalnego w PRL w latach 1975-1989 na przykładzie województwa kieleckiego. Prowadzona w tym okresie rozbudowa przemysłu bez uwzględnienia potencjalnych zagrożeń ekologicznych spowodowała szybką degradację poszczególnych komponentów ekosystemu. Środowiskowy fragment historii społeczno-gospodarczej Polski w okresie powojennym jest szczególnie ciekawy i warty pogłębionych studiów, tym bardziej że dotychczas był to aspekt pomijany przez badaczy dziejów najnowszych.
Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały, Feb 1, 2018
Zarys treści: W artykule na wybranych przykładach przedstawiono postawy polskiego społeczeństwa w... more Zarys treści: W artykule na wybranych przykładach przedstawiono postawy polskiego społeczeństwa względem degradacji ekosystemu w dwóch ostatnich dekadach PRL. W latach siedemdziesiątych i osiemdziesiątych XX w., w sytuacji wyraźnie zarysowującego się kryzysu ekologicznego, wśród polskiego społeczeństwa zaczęły ujawniać się postawy i działania zmierzające do zahamowania tego negatywnego procesu. Inicjatywy podejmowane na rzecz ochrony środowiska naturalnego były m.in. konsekwencją kształtowania świadomości ekologicznej Polaków.
Oxisol soils are widely distributed in the humid tropical and subtropical regions and are general... more Oxisol soils are widely distributed in the humid tropical and subtropical regions and are generally characterized with high contents of metal oxides. High metal oxides are believed to facilitate organic carbon (C) accumulation via mineral-organic C interactions but Oxisols often have low organic C. Yet, the causes that constrain organic C accumulation in Oxisol soil are not exactly clear. Here we report results from a microcosm experiment that evaluated how the quantity and size of crop residue fragments affect soil C retention in a typical Oxisol soil in southeast China. We found that there were significantly higher levels of dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC) and C accumulation in the heavy soil fraction in soil amended with fine-sized (<0.2 mm) compared with coarse-sized (5.0 mm) fragments. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis further showed that fine-sized residues promoted stabilization of aliphatic C-H and carboxylic C=O compounds associated with mineral phases. In addition, correlation analysis revealed that the increased content of organic C in the heavy soil fraction was positively correlated with increased DOC and MBC. Together, these results suggest that enhancement of contact between organic materials and soil minerals may promote C stabilization in Oxisols.
Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia, 2021
The article examines the usefulness of the genealogical method in research on the Kielce pogrom. ... more The article examines the usefulness of the genealogical method in research on the Kielce pogrom. An analysis of the stories of individual people – victims of the pogrom will reveal a broader background of this tragic event. In the text, we will also try to answer some important research questions. Is the list of victims complete? Does it include the names of people who did not, in fact, perish during the pogrom? In addition, the article presents new research areas within the described issues.
“Dust, people, nature”. Air pollution in the Kielce Voivodeship (1975–1989)
Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały
“Dust, people, nature”. Air pollution in the Kielce Voivodeship (1975–1989)
Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały
The article presents an analysis of the attitudes of the Polish society towards the degradation o... more The article presents an analysis of the attitudes of the Polish society towards the degradation of an ecosystem occurring in three planes. Macro-scale actions are presented on the example of Chernobyl disaster and protests against the construction of nuclear power station at Żarnowiec. Afire in the Organika-Benzyl Chemical Plant and problems with the construction of a combined heat and power plant for the town of Kielce in the area of a natural reserve serve as examples of regional operations. Most numerous are examples for the local level, which include many initiatives of local municipal and rural communities. The issue of attitude of Polish people towards the pollution of natural environment in the country after the World War Two has been marginalised so far in the literature on the subject. It seems, however, that such an approach is wrong, and thorough studies in this fi eld will certainly m ake a valuable contribution to the socio-economic history of the Polish People’s Republic.
After WW2, housing came to be totally controlled by the state. The objective of the new authoriti... more After WW2, housing came to be totally controlled by the state. The objective of the new authorities was to satisfy the bare minimum of the citizens’ housing demand. This policy had several negative consequences, and housing conditions kept deteriorating on a yearly basis. In 1954, the Party authorities, wishing to relax the hitherto binding regulations to a certain extent, enabled housing co-operatives to function. Following the Polish October (1956), the high point of the co-operative movement transformation was the appointment of the Central Association of Housing Co-Operatives on 17 February 1961. Since then, housing co-operatives kept springing up and in a relatively short time became the country’s most important institutions responsible for the construction of housing.
Settlement on Recovered Territories was one of the most important social processes in the history... more Settlement on Recovered Territories was one of the most important social processes in the history of post-war Poland. Between years 1945–1950 several millions of people resettled on western and northern regions to improve their quality of living, mainly from central and eastern territories. The change of scenic and climatic conditions, as well as many difficulties on newly acquired territories of Poland influenced directly on adaptation process of the migrants. No wonder, those events are deeply rooted in settlers’ minds. Extensive archive documentation including reports and accounts of settlement action on Recovered Territories as well as personal documents of, as they were called,„pioneers” allow to recreate image of the territories in the first years after the WWII.
![Research paper thumbnail of Społeczeństwo polskie wobec katastrofy w elektrowni w Czarnobylu/Polish society in consideration of catastrophe in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant [w:] Od powietrza, głodu, ognia i wojny... Klęski elementarne na przestrzeni wieków, red. T. Głowiński, E. Kościk, Wrocław 2013, s. 319-332](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50723635/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The disaster at the Chernobyl power plant, which had taken place on the night of 25 to 26 April 1... more The disaster at the Chernobyl power plant, which had taken place on the night of 25 to 26 April 1986 had been unique in the world, as it had been the first to engulf casualties as a result of the impact of nuclear energy and had caused a long-term contamination of the ground surface and forests in the vicinity of the power plant and more. Therefore it should not be surprising that said failure had become one of the main topics of newspaper articles and news programs on radio and television for several weeks. It had put the state authorities, medical services and the police in standby, and also stepped up public opinion in many European countries. The disaster had also been widely commented by the Polish society. It had been discussed within families, in the streets with friends, as well as at work. Exchanged had been the mutual doubts and fears of the spread of radioactive substances over the area of Poland.
The industrialization of the 1975–1989 period brought changes in spatial development and transfor... more The industrialization of the 1975–1989 period brought changes in spatial development and transformations in the human natural environment. New industrial investments required space for their implementation. As a result, the size of green areas near the cities gradually decreased. In addition, the activity of the “old” plants, as well as those under development, posed a serious threat to the environment. These problems were also evident in the province of Kielce. In the middle of the Gierek’s decade the region ranked fifth in the country in terms of the amount of pollution emitted into the atmosphere. In the area of “White Basin”, where many cement and lime factories were concentrated, dust fallout production standards were exceeded even several times. Results of the analyses on the problem of environmental threats may become an important part of the debate on socio-economic processes taking place in Poland during the postwar period. Hitherto studies of industrialization in the years 1944/1945–1989 focused mainly on its social consequences. However, they almost completely ignore the issue of degradation of the ecosystem, which is also closely associated with the industrialization pursued.
Book Reviews by Jarosław Dulewicz
Historia polskich okręgów i regionów przemysłowych, t. 1, red. Łukasz Dwilewicz, Wojciech Morawsk... more Historia polskich okręgów i regionów przemysłowych, t. 1, red. Łukasz Dwilewicz, Wojciech Morawski, Warszawa 2015, ss. 328.
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Books by Jarosław Dulewicz
The main focus of the book were the phenomena taking place in industrialised areas in the 1970s, namely in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and Kozienice. The argument confirming the correct selection of those two centres was the fact that on the basis of the two cities it was possible to present two very different types of industrialisation. The town of Kozienice was industrialised almost “from the scratch”. Industrialisation has taken place as a result of the location of a power plant in the nearby Świerże Górne. Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski on the other hand was a middle-sized town with well grounded industrial traditions, and the development of the industry in the 1970s has led to the re-intensification of industrialisation and urbanisation processes.
In Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski the development was triggered by the construction of the Marceli Nowotko Metallurgical Plant and Ironworks, which was commenced in 1969. The construction of the new plant resulted from the needs of the national economy, in particular the following branches of industry: machine, shipyard and power plant industries. Through new investments in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, in the decade in question almost 14 thousand new jobs were created. On the other hand, the location of the power plant near Kozienice (the plant was built in Świerże Górne) aimed mainly at occupying the excess of human resources, especially from rural areas, as well as lead to the development of the city and its vicinity. A large investment near Kozienice has also become a driving force for the development of other industries. Cellular concrete plant was also built in Świerże Górne, which aimed at undertaking production on the basis of local raw materials – namely the dust from the power plant. In the city itself a Prestressed Concrete Plant was built. The construction of a power plant and other facilities had a considerable impact on the situation in Kozienice. Through those investments the city started to develop, and new jobs were created for the residents.
The book presents changes taking place in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski i Kozienice, which were related to the location of large industrial plants in those cities. Mass migrations to both centres have led to the situation, where city authorities had to face an ambitious challenge of providing a sufficient number of housing opportunities, commercial facilities, schools and health care institutions. These problems were directly connected with the development of both cities. They have also had a considerable impact on the quality of life and happiness of local communities. The present monograph analyses also the motives of the rural population when deciding to migrate into the city. The author describes the changes in the mentality of migrants resulting from their contacts with urban culture, the adaptation process in the new workplace and place of residence (contact with neighbours, attitude of old workers towards the new ones, mutual antagonism, pathological phenomena).
Source materials used, literature and methods applied allowed for a review of the assumptions and research theses. Quick industrialisation and urbanisation of Poland in the 1970s has shaken the social relations and order in the country. Negative impact of those processes were particularly visible in industrialised areas. The same was true for Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski i Kozienice. It was influenced mainly by migration of considerable numbers of people from rural areas to both cities. The lack of consequence during the implementation of assumptions made in the urban area development plans with the considerable increase in the number of residents lead to the accumulation of negative phenomena in those areas. The second chief problem involved the problems of rural population’s adaptation to urban centres. The feeling of isolation, inability to find their place in the new environment lead to attempts to achieve previously set goals in an illegal way.
Could all those difficulties be avoided? The analysis may lead to the conclusion that in the reality of the People’s Poland it was not possible, as the main objective of state policies since the turn of the 1940s and 1950s was to create the basis for accelerated economic growth. In accordance with the assumed policies, focus was placed on industrial development. This, in turn, lead to the scarcity of resources for other branches of the economy. As a result the urbanisation process was subordinate to the plans of intense industrialisation. Housing estates and the whole background (commercial facilities, schools, kindergartens etc.) were treated as secondary investments, necessary as a supplement to the construction of new industrial plants.
Papers by Jarosław Dulewicz
Book Reviews by Jarosław Dulewicz