Ron Kaplan

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Omphalitis and Concurrent Serious Bacterial Infection

Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical presentation, prevalence of concurrent serious bacterial infecti... more OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical presentation, prevalence of concurrent serious bacterial infection (SBI), and outcomes among infants with omphalitis. METHODS: Within the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee, 28 sites reviewed records of infants ≤90 days of age with omphalitis seen in the emergency department from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were summarized. RESULTS: Among 566 infants (median age 16 days), 537 (95%) were well-appearing, 64 (11%) had fever at home or in the emergency department, and 143 (25%) had reported fussiness or poor feeding. Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were collected in 472 (83%), 326 (58%), and 222 (39%) infants, respectively. Pathogens grew in 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3%–2.5%) of blood, 0.9% (95% CI, 0.2%–2.7%) of urine, and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.1%–3.2%) of cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Cultures from the site of infection were obtaine...

On the Low-density Latent Regions of VAE-based Language Models

NeurIPS 2020 Workshop on Pre-registration in Machine Learning, Jul 8, 2021

By representing semantics in latent spaces, Variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been proven powe... more By representing semantics in latent spaces, Variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been proven powerful in modelling and generating signals such as image and text, even without supervision. However, previous studies suggest that in a learned latent space, some lowdensity regions (aka. holes) exist, which could harm the overall system performance. While existing studies focus on empirically mitigating these latent holes, how they distribute and how they affect different components of a VAE, are still unexplored. In addition, the hole issue in VAEs for language processing is rarely addressed. In our work, by introducing a simple hole-detection algorithm based on the neighbour consistency between VAE's input, latent, and output semantic spaces, we propose to deeply dive into these topics for the first time. Comprehensive experiments including automatic evaluation and human evaluation imply that large-scale low-density latent holes may not exist in the latent space. In addition, various sentence encoding strategies are explored and the native word embedding is the most suitable strategy for VAEs in language modelling task.

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Cross Lingual Word Embedding Refinement by 120001 1 Norm Optimisation

arXiv: Computation and Language, Apr 11, 2021

Cross-Lingual Word Embeddings (CLWEs) encode words from two or more languages in a shared high-di... more Cross-Lingual Word Embeddings (CLWEs) encode words from two or more languages in a shared high-dimensional space in which vectors representing words with similar meaning (regardless of language) are closely located. Existing methods for building highquality CLWEs learn mappings that minimise the 2 norm loss function. However, this optimisation objective has been demonstrated to be sensitive to outliers. Based on the more robust Manhattan norm (aka. 1 norm) goodnessof-fit criterion, this paper proposes a simple post-processing step to improve CLWEs. An advantage of this approach is that it is fully agnostic to the training process of the original CLWEs and can therefore be applied widely. Extensive experiments are performed involving ten diverse languages and embeddings trained on different corpora. Evaluation results based on bilingual lexicon induction and crosslingual transfer for natural language inference tasks show that the 1 refinement substantially outperforms four state-of-the-art baselines in both supervised and unsupervised settings. It is therefore recommended that this strategy be adopted as a standard for CLWE methods.

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Generating Disentangled Arguments with Prompts: A Simple Event Extraction Framework that Works

ArXiv, 2021

Event Extraction bridges the gap between text and event signals. Based on the assumption of trigg... more Event Extraction bridges the gap between text and event signals. Based on the assumption of trigger-argument dependency, existing approaches have achieved state-of-the-art performance with expert-designed templates or complicated decoding constraints. In this paper, for the first time we introduce the prompt-based learning strategy to the domain of Event Extraction, which empowers the automatic exploitation of label semantics on both input and output sides. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed generative method, we conduct extensive experiments with 11 diverse baselines. Empirical results show that, in terms of F1 score on Argument Extraction, our simple architecture is stronger than any other generative counterpart and even competitive with algorithms that require template engineering. Regarding the measure of recall, it sets new overall records for both Argument and Trigger Extractions. We hereby recommend this framework to the community, with the code publicly available ...

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Engineering-geology Characteristics of Yangshan Gold Deposit in Gansu Province

Gold Science and Technology, 2013

Division of rock engineering geological petrofabric,engineering-geology characters and stability ... more Division of rock engineering geological petrofabric,engineering-geology characters and stability of roof and floor rocks are analyzed in order to solve the problem which would be met in discussing the engineering geology character of Yangshan mining area and mining.The result,combining the rock physical and mechanical properties test research,shows that petrofabric in this area can be assorted into four kinds,soft and weak ones,soft ones,hard ones and adamantine ones.The orebody can be affected by the structural belt in its formation,so the rock is fragmentary,the stability of orebody is poor,and engineering geological incident might be often.And the result shows that mining conditions in this area is complex.Problems that might exist during mining process and the solutions are put forward by analyzing the mining area in different conditions.

Learning graph attention-aware knowledge graph embedding

Neurocomputing, 2021

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary brosis (IPF) is a deadly chronic interstitial lung disease with ... more Background: Idiopathic pulmonary brosis (IPF) is a deadly chronic interstitial lung disease with no effective treatment options other than lung transplantation. Allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are considered ideal as seed cells for stem cell-based therapy, and some studies illustrated the therapeutic effect of ADSCs on IPF, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: A single intratracheal dose of bleomycin (BLM) was administered to induce pulmonary injury/ brosis in C57BL/6 mice, after GFP-labeled mouse ADSCs (mADSCs) were implanted intratracheally to explore their potential therapeutic effects in the in amed/ brotic lung microenvironment. The mADSCs were then retrieved through uorescence-activated cell sorting and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Results: Our data indicate that the single-dose intratracheal administration of mADSCs could signi cantly increase the life span of IPF mice by remodeling the extracellular matrix and promoting the polarization of macrophages to an anti-in ammatory phenotype. Conclusions: A single intratracheal injection of mADSCs alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary brosis by readjustment of the mouse lung microenvironment, which was re ected in changes of the lung C1QB + , APOE + and TREM2 + macrophages in the mouse model.

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An experiment in public education

Mental hygiene, 1959

Futures alternatives of public health in Bello, Antioquia

Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública, 2005

... Abstract. ORTIZ Z, Ana Cecilia and MEJIA O, Luz Mery. Futures alternatives of public health i... more

Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics}

Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics}, 2010

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Forming an Electoral College for a Graph: a Heuristic Semi-supervised Learning Framework

ArXiv, 2020

Recently, graph-based algorithms have drawn much attention because of their impressive success in... more Recently, graph-based algorithms have drawn much attention because of their impressive success in semi-supervised scenarios. For better model performance, previous studies learn to transform the topology of the input graph. However, these works only focus on optimizing the original nodes and edges, leaving the direction of augmenting existing data unexplored. In this paper, by simulating the generation process of graph signals, we propose a novel heuristic pre-processing technique, namely ELectoral COllege (ELCO), which automatically expands new nodes and edges to refine the label similarity within a dense subgraph. Substantially enlarging the original training set with high-quality generated labeled data, our framework can effectively benefit downstream models. To justify the generality and practicality of ELCO, we couple it with the popular Graph Convolution Network and Graph Attention Network to extensively perform semi-supervised learning evaluations on three standard datasets. ...

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Forming an Electoral College for a Graph: a Heuristic Semi-supervised Learning Framework

ArXiv, 2020

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A Treatment of Clitics via Prosodic Phonology in LFG

One school of thought within linguistics holds that so-called phrasal affixes (Anderson 2005), or... more One school of thought within linguistics holds that so-called phrasal affixes (Anderson 2005), or clitics, must be dealt with within the morphological module because they pattern like inflectional affixes, but at the phrasal level (Zwicky 1987, Samvelian 2007, Miller 1992). Most proponents of this idea as to the architecture of grammar have worked within HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar); the notion is also compatible with GB/Minimalism in that clitics can be seen as functional items which are placed high in the tree (e.g. within IP), and can thus be thought of as essentially inflectional items, but which are postlexical (e.g. van der Leeuw 1997). The idea of analyzing a subset of clitics as needing to be treated in the morphology has been carried into LFG (e.g. Sadler and Spencer 2000, Luı́s and Otoguro 2005). In this paper, we propose a different architectural model and argue that it is more consonant with the

A Probabilistic Corpus-Driven Approach to

This paper sketches a Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) model based on the syntactic representations of... more This paper sketches a Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) model based on the syntactic representations of Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). We start by summarizing the DOP approach and deal with the question of what is involved in extending the model with functional annotations. This note presents work in progress, and is meant for internal discussion

The Jewish Olympics: The History of the Maccabiah Games

Having grown from 390 athletes from fourteen countries to nine thousand athletes from seventy-eig... more Having grown from 390 athletes from fourteen countries to nine thousand athletes from seventy-eight countries, the Maccabiah Games (or the "Jewish Olympics," as it has come to be known) continue to gain popularity. The Maccabiah Games, which take place in Israel, first began in 1932, and the latest games took place in July of 2013, with the debut of participants from Cuba, Albania, and Nicaragua. Sports range from table tennis to ice hockey, basketball, chess, and much more. Past participants have included former NBA coach Larry Brown, Olympic swimmers Mark Spitz and Jason Lezak, and Olympic gymnast Mitch Gaylord, among others. The Jewish Olympics details the history of the Maccabiah Games, including how they began, how they have grown in popularity, how they have impacted the Jewish community worldwide, and much more. In addition, it highlights the countless special achievements of the athletes over the course of the nineteen games. The Jewish Olympics is a detailed and f...

Discussion and Conclusions

Before the advent of the personal workstation, office work practice revolved around the paper doc... more Before the advent of the personal workstation, office work practice revolved around the paper document. Today the electronic medium offers a number of advantages over paper, but it has not eradicated paper from the office. A growing problem for those who work primarily with paper is lack of direct access to the wide variety of interactive functions available on personal workstations. This paper describes a desk with a computer-controlled projector and camera above it. The result is a system that enables people to interact with ordinary paper documents in ways normally possible only with electronic documents on workstation screens. After discussing the motivation for this work, this paper describes the system and two sample applications that can benefit from this style of interaction: a desk calculator and a French to English translation system. We describe the design and implementation of the system, report on some user tests, and conclude with some general reflections on interactin...

The Conversational User Interface

Work on both the graphical user interface (GUI) and the conversational user interface (CUI) start... more Work on both the graphical user interface (GUI) and the conversational user interface (CUI) started at about the same time, about 40 years ago. The GUI was a lot easier to implement, and it made computing and information resources available to ordinary people—but over the years it has lost much of its simplicity and charm. The CUI has taken many more years to develop, requiring major scientific and engineering advances in speech, natural language processing, user-modeling, and reasoning, not to mention increases in cost-effective computation. But the infrastructure is now in place for the widespread distribution of conversational interfaces, and we have begun to imagine and create sophisticated ways of exploiting this new mode of interaction. This may well be the “killer app” for deep natural language processing and complex reasoning.

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The Cubs: A Review Essay. (Triple Play)

George Castle. The Million-to-One Team: Why the Chicago Cubs Haven't Won a Pennant Since 1945... more George Castle. The Million-to-One Team: Why the Chicago Cubs Haven't Won a Pennant Since 1945. South Bend IN: Diamond Communications, 2000. 337 pp. Cloth, $29.95. David Claerbaut. Durocher's Cubs: The Greatest Team That Didn't Win. Dallas: Taylor Publishing, 2000. 226 pp. Cloth, $22.95. Carrie Muskat. Banks to Sandberg to Grace: Five Decades of Love and Frustration with the Chicago Cubs. Lincolnwood IL: Compiled by Contemporary Books, 2001. 292 pp. Cloth, $21.95. John C. Skipper. Take Me Out to the Cubs Game: 35 Former Ballplayers Speak of Losing at Wrigley. Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company, 2000. 248 pp. Paper, $29.95. Warren Brown. The Chicago Cubs. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2001. 256 pp. Paper, $15.95. Bill Hageman. Baseball Between the Wars: A Pictorial Tribute to the Men Who Made the Game in Chicago from 1909 to 1947. Lincolnwood IL: Contemporary Books, 2001. 292 pp. Cloth, $29.95. One of the democratic qualities of baseball is that every team...

Beyond the Folkloric and Indigenous in Multicultural Thinking about Latin America

Multicultural Review, 2002

Using an eLearning Module to Facilitate Sepsis Knowledge Acquisition Across Multiple Institutions and Learner Disciplines

Pediatric Emergency Care

Predicting Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Renal Replacement Therapy in Shiga Toxin–producing Escherichia coli–infected Children

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are leading causes of pediatr... more Background Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are leading causes of pediatric acute renal failure. Identifying hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) risk factors is needed to guide care. Methods We conducted a multicenter, historical cohort study to identify features associated with development of HUS (primary outcome) and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) (secondary outcome) in STEC-infected children without HUS at initial presentation. Children aged <18 years who submitted STEC-positive specimens between January 2011 and December 2015 at a participating study institution were eligible. Results Of 927 STEC-infected children, 41 (4.4%) had HUS at presentation; of the remaining 886, 126 (14.2%) developed HUS. Predictors (all shown as odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]) of HUS included younger age (0.77 [.69–.85] per year), leukocyte count ≥13.0 × 103/μL (2.54 [1.42–4.54]), higher hematocrit (1.83 [1.21–2.77] per 5% increase) and serum creatini...

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